在美国,所有50个州政府都部署了有关2019年新型冠状病毒病(COVID-19)的可公开查看的仪表板,以跟踪和应对大流行。状态仪表板,然而,根据其内容反映特殊的设计实践,函数,以及视觉设计和平台。对于州仪表板应该是什么样子或包含什么,几乎没有任何指导,导致显著的变化。
我们研究的主要目的是对信息进行分类,系统功能,和用户界面部署在COVID-19状态仪表板上。我们的次要目标是根据我们使用聚类分析收集的信息对仪表板进行分组和表征。
对于初步数据收集,我们开发了一个框架,首先分析两个仪表板作为一组,并就编码达成一致。随后,我们使用该框架对其余48个仪表板进行了加倍编码,并审查了编码以达成完全共识。
所有状态仪表板包括地图和图表,最常见的折线图,条形图,和直方图。最具代表性的指标是总死亡人数,全部病例,新病例,实验室测试,和住院。关于如何对指标进行汇总和分层的决策在仪表板上差异很大。总的来说,仪表板非常互动,96%至少有一些功能,包括工具提示,缩放,或导出功能。对于视觉设计和平台,我们注意到该软件由几个主要组织主导。我们的聚类分析产生了一个六集群解决方案,每个集群都提供了有关状态组如何参与仪表板设计中的特定实践的其他见解。
我们的研究表明,各州从事的仪表板实践通常与疾病控制和预防中心提出的许多目标一致,基本公共卫生服务。我们强调各州未能达到这些期望的领域,并提供具体的设计建议来解决这些差距。
In the United States, all 50 state governments deployed publicly viewable dashboards regarding the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to track and respond to the pandemic. States dashboards, however, reflect idiosyncratic design practices based on their content, function, and visual design and platform. There has been little guidance for what state dashboards should look like or contain, leading to significant variation.
The primary objective of our study was to catalog how information, system function, and user interface were deployed across the COVID-19 state dashboards. Our secondary objective was to group and characterize the dashboards based on the information we collected using clustering analysis.
For preliminary data collection, we developed a framework to first analyze two dashboards as a group and reach agreement on coding. We subsequently doubled coded the remaining 48 dashboards using the framework and reviewed the coding to reach total consensus.
All state dashboards included maps and graphs, most frequently line charts, bar charts, and histograms. The most represented metrics were total deaths, total cases, new cases, laboratory tests, and hospitalization. Decisions on how metrics were aggregated and stratified greatly varied across dashboards. Overall, the dashboards were very interactive with 96% having at least some functionality including tooltips, zooming, or exporting capabilities. For visual design and platform, we noted that the software was dominated by a few major organizations. Our cluster analysis yielded a six-cluster solution, and each cluster provided additional insights about how groups of states engaged in specific practices in dashboard design.
Our study indicates that states engaged in dashboard practices that generally aligned with many of the goals set forth by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Essential Public Health Services. We highlight areas where states fall short of these expectations and provide specific design recommendations to address these gaps.