研究目的本文介绍了作为捷克临床实践指南(CPG)“脊柱退行性疾病的外科治疗”的一部分,最近开发的退行性腰椎管狭窄症(DLS)和腰椎滑脱症的外科治疗建议的证据和基本原理。材料和方法该指南是根据捷克国家CPG发展方法制定的,这是基于建议的分级,评估,开发和评估(等级)方法。我们使用了一种创新的GRADE-adolopment方法,该方法将现有指南的采用和适应与建议的从头发展相结合。在本文中,我们提出了关于DLS的三项适应性建议和捷克团队从头提出的关于脊椎前移的建议。结果在三个随机对照试验(RCTs)中评估了DLS患者的开放手术减压。基于Oswestry残疾指数(ODI)和腿部疼痛的统计学上显着和临床上明显的改善,提出了支持减压的建议。在明显的身体限制和通过成像获得的发现相关的情况下,对于有DLS症状的患者可以推荐减压。对观察性研究和一项RCT的系统评价的作者得出结论,在简单的DLS的情况下,融合的作用可以忽略不计。因此,在选定的DLS患者中,脊柱固定术只能选择作为减压的辅助手段。两个随机对照试验将监督康复与家庭或不运动进行了比较,显示程序之间没有统计学上的显著差异。指南组认为手术后的身体活动有益,并建议在没有已知不良反应的情况下,对接受DLS手术的患者进行监督康复,以获得运动的有益效果。发现四个RCT比较了退行性腰椎滑脱患者的简单减压和减压与融合。所有结果均未显示出临床上显着的改善或恶化,这两种干预均有利于任何一种干预。指导小组得出结论,对于稳定的脊椎滑脱,两种方法的结果具有可比性,当考虑其他参数时(收益和风险的平衡,或费用),支持简单减压的观点。由于缺乏科学证据,尚未就不稳定型腰椎滑脱提出建议.对于所有建议,证据的确定性被评为低。讨论尽管稳定/不稳定滑移的定义不清楚,在稳定研究中纳入明显不稳定的DS病例限制了研究结论.根据现有文献,然而,可以总结,在简单的退行性腰椎管狭窄和静态腰椎滑脱,给定段的融合是不合理的。然而,它在不稳定(动态)椎体滑移的情况下的使用目前是无可争议的。结论指南制定组建议对DLS患者进行减压,这些患者先前的保守治疗未导致改善,仅在选定的患者中,和术后监督康复。在没有不稳定迹象的退行性腰椎管狭窄和腰椎滑脱的患者中,指南开发小组建议简单减压(无融合).关键词:退行性腰椎管狭窄症,退行性腰椎滑脱,脊柱融合术,临床实践指南,等级,adolopment.
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY This article presents the evidence and the rationale for the recommendations for surgical treatment of degenerative lumbar stenosis (DLS) and spondylolisthesis that were recently developed as a part of the Czech Clinical Practice
Guideline (CPG) \"The Surgical Treatment of the Degenerative Diseases of the Spine\". MATERIAL AND METHODS The
Guideline was drawn up in line with the Czech National Methodology of the CPG Development, which is based on the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. We used an innovative GRADE-adolopment method that combines adoption and adaptation of the existing
guidelines with de novo development of recommendations. In this paper, we present three adapted recommendations on DLS and a recommendation on spondylolisthesis developed de novo by the Czech team. RESULTS Open surgical decompression in DLS patients has been evaluated in three randomized controlled trials (RCTs). A recommendation in favour of decompression was made based on a statistically significant and clinically evident improvement in the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and leg pain. Decompression may be recommended for patients with symptoms of DLS in the event of correlation of significant physical limitation and the finding obtained via imaging. The authors of a systematic review of observational studies and one RCT conclude that fusion has a negligible role in the case of a simple DLS. Thus, spondylodesis should only be chosen as an adjunct to decompression in selected DLS patients. Two RCTs compared supervised rehabilitation with home or no exercise, showing no statistically significant difference between the procedures. The guideline group considers the post-surgery physical activity beneficial and suggests supervised rehabilitation in patients who have undergone surgery for DLS for the beneficial effects of exercise in the absence of known adverse effects. Four RCTs were found comparing simple decompression and decompression with fusion in patients with degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis. None of the outcomes showed clinically significant improvement or deterioration in favour of either intervention. The
guideline group concluded that for stable spondylolisthesis the results of both methods are comparable and, when other parameters are considered (balance of benefits and risks, or costs), point in favour of simple decompression. Due to the lack of scientific evidence, no recommendation has been formulated regarding unstable spondylolisthesis. The certainty of the evidence was rated as low for all recommendations. DISCUSSION Despite the unclear definition of stable/unstable slip, the inclusion of apparently unstable cases of DS in stable studies limits the conclusions of the studies. Based on the available literature, however, it can be summarized that in simple degenerative lumbar stenosis and static spondylolisthesis, fusion of the given segment is not justified. However, its use in the case of unstable (dynamic) vertebral slip is undisputable for the time being. CONCLUSIONS The
guideline development group suggests decompression in patients with DLS in whom previous conservative treatment did not lead to improvement, spondylodesis only in selected patients, and post-surgical supervised rehabilitation. In patients with degenerative lumbar stenosis and spondylolisthesis with no signs of instability, the guideline development group suggests simple decompression (without fusion). Key words: degenerative lumbar stenosis, degenerative spondylolisthesis, spinal fusion, Clinical Practice Guideline, GRADE, adolopment.