在全球市场,香料具有高价值但低量的商业商品。食品工业在很大程度上依赖于香料的味道,风味,以及替代廉价合成药物的治疗特性。世界香料需求的估计增长率为3.19%。由于香料生长在有限的地理区域,印度是香料的主要生产国之一,占世界贸易总额的25-30%。到目前为止,尚未对工业上重要的主要药用香料的基因组资源进行全面审查,以克服品种改良和管理方面的主要障碍。这篇综述侧重于目前可用的24种具有商业意义的香料的基因组资源,即,Ajwain,Allspice,Asafoetida,黑胡椒,豆蔻大,小豆蔻,芹菜,Chillies,肉桂,丁香,香菜,孜然,咖喱叶,芹菜种子,茴香,胡芦巴,大蒜,生姜,薄荷,肉豆蔻,藏红花,罗望子,姜黄和香草。低成本测序机的出现极大地促进了这些香料的大量数据生成,破解复杂的基因组结构,标记发现,了解比较和功能基因组学。这篇关于香料基因组学资源的综述总结了通过发现基因组装配来提供足迹的观点和途径,测序和重新测序项目,基于转录组的研究,非编码RNA介导的调控,基于细胞器的资源,发达的分子标记,网络资源,候选香料中的数据库和人工智能指导资源,以增强它们的育种潜力。Further,由于全球需求的增加,它们与分子育种的整合在制定保护和扩大香料生产的战略方面可能具有巨大的用途。
In the global market, spices possess a high-value but low-volume commodities of commerce. The food industry depends largely on spices for taste, flavor, and therapeutic properties in replacement of cheap synthetic ones. The estimated growth rate for
spices demand in the world is ∼3.19%. Since
spices grow in limited geographical regions, India is one of the leading producer of
spices, contributing 25-30 percent of total world trade. Hitherto, there has been no comprehensive
review of the genomic resources of industrially important major medicinal spices to overcome major impediments in varietal improvement and management. This
review focuses on currently available genomic resources of 24 commercially significant
spices, namely, Ajwain, Allspice, Asafoetida, Black pepper, Cardamom large, Cardamom small, Celery, Chillies, Cinnamon, Clove, Coriander, Cumin, Curry leaf, Dill seed, Fennel, Fenugreek, Garlic, Ginger, Mint, Nutmeg, Saffron, Tamarind, Turmeric and Vanilla. The advent of low-cost sequencing machines has contributed immensely to the voluminous data generation of these spices, cracking the complex genomic architecture, marker discovery, and understanding comparative and functional genomics. This
review of spice genomics resources concludes the perspective and way forward to provide footprints by uncovering genome assemblies, sequencing and re-sequencing projects, transcriptome-based studies, non-coding RNA-mediated regulation, organelles-based resources, developed molecular markers, web resources, databases and AI-directed resources in candidate spices for enhanced breeding potential in them. Further, their integration with molecular breeding could be of immense use in formulating a strategy to protect and expand the production of the spices due to increased global demand.