背景:盐胁迫已成为植物生长和生产力的主要威胁。丛枝菌根真菌定殖植物根系并以各种方式调节植物生长。
方法:本文综述了丛枝菌根在缓解盐胁迫中的意义及其对植物生长和生产力的有益作用。它还重点介绍了最近在揭示生化方面的进展,菌根植物缓解盐胁迫的生理和分子机制。
结论:丛枝菌根真菌在缓解盐胁迫中的作用已得到充分证明。本文综述了丛枝菌根真菌用于增强寄主植物耐盐性的机制,例如增强养分获取(P,N,Mg和Ca),维持K(+):Na(+)比,生化变化(脯氨酸的积累,甜菜碱,多胺,碳水化合物和抗氧化剂),生理变化(光合效率,相对渗透率,水状况,脱落酸积累,结瘤和固氮),分子变化(基因的表达:PIP,Na(+)/H(+)反载体,Lsnced,Lslea和LsP5CS)和超结构变化。Theis综述确定了某些较少探索的领域,例如分子和超微结构变化,需要进一步研究以更好地理解共生关系,并参考盐胁迫,以在该领域中大规模优化使用该技术。这篇综述论文为未来研究计划的开发和优先排序提供了有用的基准信息。
BACKGROUND: Salt stress has become a major threat to plant growth and productivity. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonize plant root systems and modulate plant growth in various ways.
METHODS: This
review addresses the significance of arbuscular mycorrhiza in alleviation of salt stress and their beneficial effects on plant growth and productivity. It also focuses on recent progress in unravelling biochemical, physiological and molecular mechanisms in mycorrhizal plants to alleviate salt stress.
CONCLUSIONS: The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in alleviating salt stress is well documented. This paper reviews the mechanisms arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi employ to enhance the salt tolerance of host plants such as enhanced nutrient acquisition (P, N, Mg and Ca), maintenance of the K(+) : Na(+) ratio, biochemical changes (accumulation of proline, betaines, polyamines, carbohydrates and antioxidants), physiological changes (photosynthetic efficiency, relative permeability, water status, abscissic acid accumulation, nodulation and nitrogen fixation), molecular changes (the expression of genes: PIP, Na(+)/H(+) antiporters, Lsnced, Lslea and LsP5CS) and ultra-structural changes. Theis
review identifies certain lesser explored areas such as molecular and ultra-structural changes where further research is needed for better understanding of symbiosis with reference to salt stress for optimum usage of this technology in the field on a large scale. This
review paper gives useful benchmark information for the development and prioritization of future research programmes.