绵羊的Maedi-visna(MV)是由Maedi-visna病毒(MVV)引起的,一种小的反刍动物慢病毒(SRLV),在感染的动物中引起慢性感染和炎性病变。肺炎和乳腺炎是其主要的临床表现,被MVV感染的组织主要是肺,乳腺,神经系统和关节.MV在全球范围内分布,具有不同的MVV传播模式,具体取决于循环菌株和区域应用的控制/根除方案。然而,MV的患病率普遍增加。目前,在理解MV的流行病学方面存在差距,现有的不断突变和新的小反刍动物慢病毒(SRLV)菌株的出现,缺乏有效的检测方案和当前应用的预防措施的低效率使消除MV成为不切实际的目标。因此,有必要在证据基础上修改现有的MV监视和控制计划。更新的控制方案需要开发用于MVV感染的早期和最终诊断的诊断方案。这篇综述的目的是总结当前的知识在动物流行病学和控制的奶牛的MV,描述研究框架,并弥补在理解未来关于MV的挑战方面存在的差距。
Maedi-visna (MV) in sheep is caused by maedi-visna virus (MVV), a small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) that causes chronic infection and inflammatory lesions in infected animals. Pneumonia and mastitis are its predominant clinical manifestations, and the tissues infected by MVV are mainly the lungs, the mammary gland, the nervous system and the joints. MV has a worldwide distribution with distinct MVV transmission patterns depending on circulating strains and regionally applied control/eradication schemes. Nevertheless, the prevalence rate of MV universally increases. Currently, gaps in understanding the epizootiology of MV, the continuous mutation of existing and the emergence of new small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) strains, lack of an effective detection protocol and the inefficiency of currently applied preventive measures render elimination of MV an unrealistic target. Therefore, modifications on the existing MV surveillance and control schemes on an evidentiary basis are necessary. Updated control schemes require the development of diagnostic protocols for the early and definitive diagnosis of MVV infections. The objectives of this
review are to summarize the current knowledge in the epizootiology and control of MV in dairy sheep, to describe the research framework and to cover existing gaps in understanding future challenges regarding MV.