水是城市及其居民的决定性元素。在整个城市系统中,水要么生产,要么接收,used,最后作为废水处理。随着拉丁美洲城市化进程的加快,由于废水被列为河流污染的主要来源,与废水有关的问题正在增加,以及基础设施开发和维护的高成本。废水处理的后果在经常与城市扩张相关的地区尤其相关,就像周边地区一样,它们的生长跟随农村之间的不断过渡,城郊,和城市地区。这样的后果往往与异质性有关,缺乏城市服务和卫生基础设施,水污染和健康风险,以及非正式补偿制度的发展。进行了系统的文献综述,以拓宽研究全景,确定空间,temporal,以及拉丁美洲城市边缘废水评估中存在的主题趋势和挑战,这使用SALSA(搜索,评估,合成,和分析)在国际数据库Scopus和WebofScielo中进行搜索的协议,在英语中,西班牙语,法语,和葡萄牙语。在这些数据库中,自1988年以来,有228篇论文满足了选择标准,并显示出有关城市废水的出版物的增长趋势。大多数案例研究来自巴西(58%),墨西哥(14%)阿根廷(9%)。他们的主要方法是城市背景下的定量研究(82%)(57%)。发现大多数研究都是使用环境地球化学方法进行的,暗示了技术上的主导地位,还原论方法。包括参与者和其他社会因素在内的综合和混合观点被认为是一项核心研究挑战。如果没有集成视图,在追求可持续水管理方面加强决策过程和治理是不可行的。
Water is a defining element for cities and their inhabitants. Throughout urban systems, water is either produced or received, used, and finally disposed of as wastewater. As Latin American urbanization accelerates, problems related to wastewater are increasing due to its inclusion as the main source of river pollution, as well as the high cost of infrastructure development and maintenance. The consequences of wastewater disposal are particularly relevant in areas frequently associated with urban expansion, like peripheries whose growth follows constant transitions between rural, peri-urban, and urban areas. Such consequences are often related to heterogeneity, lack of urban services and sanitation infrastructure, water pollution and health risks, as well as the development of informal compensatory systems. A systematic literature
review was conducted to broaden research panorama and identify spatial, temporal, and thematic trends and challenges present in wastewater assessments of Latin American urban peripheries, this using the SALSA (search, appraisal, synthesis, and analysis) protocol in a search through international databases Scopus and Web of Science Scielo, in English, Spanish, French, and Portuguese. In these databases, 228 papers satisfied selection criteria and show a growing trend of publications about urban wastewater since 1988. Most case studies are from Brazil (58 %), Mexico (14 %), and Argentina (9 %). Their main approaches are quantitative research (82 %) in urban contexts (57 %). Most studies were found to be operationalized using environmental geochemistry methodologies, suggesting a dominance of technical, reductionist approaches. Integrated and mixed perspectives including actors and other societal elements are suggested as a central research challenge. Without an integrated view, it will be unfeasible to enhance decision-making processes and governance in the pursuit of sustainable water management.