Thiram,农业中流行的二硫代氨基甲酸酯杀虫剂,广泛用作作物杀虫剂和防腐剂。长期接触福仑与各种不可逆转的损害有关,包括胫骨软骨发育不良,红细胞毒性,肾脏问题,和免疫系统妥协。关于其对生殖器官的影响的研究有限。这项研究调查了暴露于不同浓度(0、30、60和120mg/kg)的Thiram的小鼠睾丸的生殖毒理学。我们的研究发现了一系列暴露于Thiram的小鼠的不良反应,包括消瘦,发育迟缓,减少水的摄入量,推迟了睾丸的成熟.暴露于硫双的小鼠的生化分析显示LDH和AST水平升高,而ALP,TG,ALT,尿素减少。组织学上,通过扩大生精细胞之间的间隙和促进纤维化,thiram破坏了睾丸的微结构并损害了其屏障功能。促凋亡基因的表达(Bax,APAF1,Cytc,和Caspase-3)下调,而Bcl-2表达在福仑处理的小鼠中与对照组相比增加。相反,Atg5的表达上调,mTOR和p62表达降低,LC3b水平有降低的趋势。Thiram还破坏了血液-睾丸屏障,显着降低了闭塞带1(ZO-1)和闭塞蛋白的mRNA表达。总之,长期暴露于高浓度(120mg/kg)导致睾丸组织损伤,通过Bcl-2/Bax和mTOR/Atg5/p62通路影响血-睾丸屏障并调节细胞凋亡和自噬。这项研究有助于了解福美双诱导的生殖毒性的分子基础,并强调需要对长期暴露于福美双及其环境残留物的人进行进一步研究和预防措施。
Thiram, a prevalent dithiocarbamate insecticide in agriculture, is widely employed as a crop insecticide and preservative. Chronic exposure to thiram has been linked to various irreversible damages, including tibial cartilage dysplasia, erythrocytotoxicity, renal issues, and immune system compromise. Limited research exists on its effects on reproductive organs. This study investigated the reproductive toxicology in mouse testes exposure to varying concentrations (0, 30, 60, and 120 mg/kg) of thiram. Our study uncovered a series of adverse effects in mice subjected to thiram exposure, including emaciation, stunted growth, decreased water intake, and postponed testicular maturation. Biochemical analysis in thiram-exposed mice showed elevated levels of LDH and AST, while ALP, TG, ALT, and urea were decreased. Histologically, thiram disrupted the testis\' microarchitecture and compromised its barrier function by widening the gap between spermatogenic cells and promoting fibrosis. The expression of pro-apoptotic genes (Bax, APAF1, Cytc, and Caspase-3) was downregulated, whereas Bcl-2 expression increased in thiram-treated mice compared to controls. Conversely, the expression of Atg5 was upregulated, and mTOR and p62 expression decreased, with a trend towards lower LC3b levels. Thiram also disrupted the blood-testis barrier, significantly reducing the mRNA expression of zona occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin. In conclusion, chronic exposure to high thiram concentrations (120 mg/kg) caused testicular tissue damage, affecting the blood-testis barrier and modulating apoptosis and autophagy through the Bcl-2/Bax and mTOR/Atg5/p62 pathways. This study contributes to understanding the molecular basis of thiram-induced reproductive toxicity and underscores the need for further research and precautions for those chronically exposed to thiram and its environmental residuals.