Amblyopia is caused by vision deprivation and/or abnormal binocular interaction during visual immaturity. According to different etiologies, it is divided into strabismic, ametropic, anisometropic and visual deprivation amblyopia. The key to the treatment of amblyopia is early screening and timely intervention. The managements include eliminating the factors of visual deprivation, optical correction, patching and penalization. Following the publication of the Expert Consensus on Diagnosis of Amblyopia in 2011, the Chinese Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus organized experts in this field again to discuss and formulate the Expert Consensus on Prevention and Treatment of Amblyopia in Children based on the research results of evidence-based medicine. The purpose is to provide clinical guidance of the diagnosis and treatment of amblyopia for ophthalmologists and to improve clinical service. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2021, 57: 336-340).
弱视是视觉发育期由于形觉剥夺和（或）双眼异常的相互作用所致，根据病因分为斜视性、屈光不正性、屈光参差性和形觉剥夺性弱视。弱视需要正确诊断、尽早干预。中华医学会眼科学分会斜视与小儿眼科学组继2011年制定弱视诊断相关共识，再次组织我国相关领域专家，以国内外循证医学研究成果为基础，汇总与弱视治疗相关的专家意见，经过充分讨论制定本共识，以期为眼科医师提供参考，规范我国临床弱视诊疗工作，共同提高我国弱视诊疗水平。（中华眼科杂志，2021，57：336-340）.