生物质生产的发展和循环利用可以部分解决能源问题,气候变化,人口增长,粮食和饲料短缺,和环境污染。例如,使用海藻作为原料可以减少我们对化石燃料资源的依赖,确保合成具有成本效益和环保的产品和生物燃料,并开发可持续的生物炼制工艺。尽管如此,与基于陆地植物的木质纤维素生物质相比,在几个生物精炼厂中使用的海藻仍处于起步阶段。因此,在这里,我们回顾海藻生物炼油厂,重点是海藻生产,经济效益,和海藻用作厌氧消化的原料,生物炭,生物塑料,作物健康,食物,家畜饲料,药品和化妆品。全球范围内,海藻每年可以隔离61至268兆吨的碳,平均为173兆吨。近90%的碳通过向深水出口生物质而被封存,而剩下的10%被埋在沿海沉积物中。500千兆吨的海藻可以替代目前大豆蛋白质产量的近40%。海藻含有有价值的生物活性分子,可以用作抗菌剂,抗氧化剂,抗病毒,抗真菌药,抗癌,避孕药,抗炎,抗凝剂,以及其他化妆品和护肤品。
The development and recycling of biomass production can partly solve issues of energy, climate change, population growth, food and feed shortages, and environmental pollution. For instance, the use of
seaweeds as feedstocks can reduce our reliance on fossil fuel resources, ensure the synthesis of cost-effective and eco-friendly products and biofuels, and develop sustainable biorefinery processes. Nonetheless,
seaweeds use in several biorefineries is still in the infancy stage compared to terrestrial plants-based lignocellulosic biomass. Therefore, here we
review seaweed biorefineries with focus on seaweed production, economical benefits, and seaweed use as feedstock for anaerobic digestion, biochar, bioplastics, crop health, food, livestock feed, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Globally,
seaweeds could sequester between 61 and 268 megatonnes of carbon per year, with an average of 173 megatonnes. Nearly 90% of carbon is sequestered by exporting biomass to deep water, while the remaining 10% is buried in coastal sediments. 500 gigatonnes of seaweeds could replace nearly 40% of the current soy protein production.
Seaweeds contain valuable bioactive molecules that could be applied as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiviral, antifungal, anticancer, contraceptive, anti-inflammatory, anti-coagulants, and in other cosmetics and skincare products.