With the advent of Complex dynamic systems theory (CDST) in the field of second language question (SLA), the need for suitable CDST compatible methods for the investigation of temporal change in L2 affective variables has been felt more than before. One of the innovative methods for this purpose is latent growth curve modeling (LGCM), which has recently drawn the attention of SLA scholars. However, the application of this method is still a burgeoning demand in SLA. In response to this demand, the present study provides a review of the conceptualization, significance, and technical features of the implementation of LGCM. In doing so, this review suggests a number of practices via which LGCM has been introduced in SLA. Additionally, some practical implications are provided for SLA researchers to enhance their literacy of LGCM. Finally, future research suggestions for the progress of the use of this method in SLA are discussed.

Additive manufacturing (3D printing) has significantly changed the prototyping process in terms of technology, construction, materials, and their multiphysical properties. Among the most popular 3D printing techniques is vat photopolymerization, in which ultraviolet (UV) light is deployed to form chains between molecules of liquid light-curable resin, crosslink them, and as a result, solidify the resin. In this manuscript, three photopolymerization technologies, namely, stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP), and continuous digital light processing (CDLP), are reviewed. Additionally, the after-cured mechanical properties of light-curable resin materials are listed, along with a number of case studies showing their applications in practice. The manuscript aims at providing an overview and future trend of the photopolymerization technology to inspire the readers to engage in further research in this field, especially regarding developing new materials and mathematical models for microrods and bionic structures.

BACKGROUND: Laser Interstitial Thermotherapy (LITT; also known as Stereotactic Laser Ablation or SLA), is a minimally invasive treatment modality that has recently gained prominence in the treatment of malignant primary and metastatic brain tumors and radiation necrosis and studies for treatment of spinal metastasis has recently been reported.
METHODS: Here we provide a brief literature review of the various contemporary uses for LITT and their reported outcomes.
RESULTS: Historically, the primary indication for LITT has been for the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma (GBM). However, indications have continued to expand and now include gliomas of different grades, brain metastasis (BM), radiation necrosis (RN), other types of brain tumors as well as spine metastasis. LITT is emerging as a safe, reliable, minimally invasive clinical approach, particularly for deep seated, focal malignant brain tumors and radiation necrosis. The role of LITT for treatment of other types of tumors of the brain and for spine tumors appears to be evolving at a small number of centers. While the technology appears to be safe and increasingly utilized, there have been few prospective clinical trials and most published studies combine different pathologies in the same report.
CONCLUSIONS: Well-designed prospective trials will be required to firmly establish the role of LITT in the treatment of lesions of the brain and spine.

BACKGROUND: The optimal treatment of brain metastases recurring after radiosurgery (BMRS) remains an area of active investigation. Stereotactic laser ablation (SLA, also known as laser interstitial thermal therapy) has recently emerged as a potential treatment option.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the available literature on SLA as treatment of BMRS and synthesize findings on local control, overall survival, neurologic outcome, imaging findings, morbidity, and postprocedure clinical course.
METHODS: We performed a comprehensive search of PubMed for articles investigating SLA as treatment of BMRS.
RESULTS: Thirteen peer-reviewed publications met our search criteria. Local control was a function of the percentage of tumor that was thermally ablated. In completely ablated tumors, 3-month local control was 80%-100%. Median survival ranged from 5.8 to 19.8 months. About two-thirds of treated lesions showed postablation expansion of contrast-enhancing volume and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery volume. Expansion could start within an hour of treatment, and resolution typically occurred within 6 months. Notably, maximal expanded contrast-enhancing volume could reach >3-fold the preoperative lesion volume. The incidence of SLA-related permanent neurologic injuries was <10%. The most common complications were hemorrhage, thermal injury causing neurologic deficit, and malignant cerebral edema. Nearly all patients were treated with dexamethasone, but there was variability in the dose and duration of therapy. Median hospital stay was 1-2 days (range, 1-5 days), and most treated patients were discharged home (range, 59.5%-100%).
CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis provides support for continued development of SLA as a treatment of BMRS. Standardization of periprocedural management will be needed.