Pollen-food allergy syndrome (PFAS) is a unique type of food allergy that specifically affects individuals with pollen allergy. In recent years, pollen allergy is increasingly and shows younger tendency. PFAS has also become a topic of interest in China. The characteristics of PFAS vary across regions and show obviously heterogeneity due to different pollen sensitization profile. Currently, diagnostic methods for PFAS in China are limited, which may lead to underdiagnosed and underrecognized of this syndrome, there are currently no accessible diagnostic criteria and procedures for clinical use. Unlike primary food allergy, the management of PFAS need a combined strategy which involves managing both pollen allergy and food allergy. Therefore, its management is particularly complex and varies among doctors in clinical practice. This consensus has developed a diagnosis and management flow chart based on current domestic and foreign guidelines, as well as relevant research evidence in China. The aim is to improve the standard diagnosis and treatment of PFAS and provide guidance to allergists, healthcare professionals, and general practitioners for accurate understanding, diagnosis, and standardized management of PFAS.
花粉-食物过敏综合征（pollen-food allergy syndrome，PFAS）是发生在花粉过敏个体的食物过敏反应。近年来，花粉过敏发病率逐年升高且呈现低龄化趋势，PFAS在国内也逐渐受到关注。PFAS的临床特征具有明显的地域差异及异质性。目前，国内对PFAS诊断手段有限，认识不足，尚无可供临床使用的诊断标准。与原发性食物过敏的管理有所不同，PFAS管理需要同时兼顾花粉过敏和食物过敏，管理具有特殊性和复杂性，医生在临床实践中管理存在差异。本共识基于目前国内外现有的指南和我国相关研究证据，制定了诊断标准和管理流程图，旨在规范我国PFAS诊治流程，提高诊疗水平，指导变态反应科医师、相关专业医师和全科医师正确认识、诊断及规范管理PFAS。.

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As the third part of the expert consensus on allergic diseases, this article includes efficacy evaluation, characteristics of allergic diseases in special populations, social and economic burden, psychological problems and prevention. The efficacy evaluation methods include symptom score, quality of life score and drug score. Allergic diseases of special populations have unique clinical characteristics and need special attention. The social and economic burden of allergic diseases is becoming heavier, which requires more attention. The three-level prevention of pollinosis can be completed through the \"five in one\" prevention and control strategies such as local vegetation survey, airborne pollen monitoring, epidemiological survey, standardized training of grassroots medical personnel, science popularization and academic lectures, which is more comprehensive and perfect than the \"four in one\" treatment strategy.
本文为共识的第三部分，主要内容包括疗效评价、特殊人群过敏性疾病特点、社会和经济负担、心理学问题及预防。疗效评价方法包括症状评分、生活质量评分和药物评分。特殊人群的过敏性疾病有独特的临床特点，需要特别关注。过敏性疾病带来的社会和经济负担越来越重，需要高度重视。花粉症的三级预防可以通过当地植被调研、气传花粉监测、流行病学调查、基层医务人员规范化培训、科普及学术大讲堂等“五位一体”防控策略来完成，比“四位一体”的治疗策略更全面、更完善。.

Pollen food syndrome (PFS) is a highly prevalent food allergy affecting pollen-sensitized children and adults. Sufferers experience allergic symptoms when consuming raw plant foods, due to the homology between the pollen allergens and unstable proteins in these foods. The triggers involved can vary depending on the pollen sensitization, which in turn is affected by geographical location. The British Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (BSACI) Standards of Care Committee (SOCC) identified a need to develop a guideline for the diagnosis and management of PFS in the United Kingdom (UK). Guidelines produced by the BSACI use either the GRADE or SIGN methodology; due to a lack of high-quality evidence these recommendations were formulated using the SIGN guidelines, which is acknowledged to be less robust than the GRADE approach. The correct diagnosis of PFS ensures the avoidance of a misdiagnosis of a primary peanut or tree nut allergy or confusion with another plant food allergy to non-specific lipid transfer proteins. The characteristic foods involved, and rapid-onset oropharyngeal symptoms, mean PFS can often be diagnosed from the clinical history alone. However, reactions involving tree nuts, peanuts and soya milk or severe/atypical reactions to fruits and vegetables may require additional diagnostic tests. Management is through the exclusion of known trigger foods, which may appear to be simple, but is highly problematic if coupled with a pre-existing food allergy or for individuals following a vegetarian/vegan diet. Immunotherapy to pollens is not an effective treatment for PFS, and although oral or sublingual immunotherapy to foods seems more promising, large, controlled studies are needed. The typically mild symptoms of PFS can lead to an erroneous perception that this condition is always easily managed, but severe reactions can occur, and anxiety about the onset of symptoms to new foods can have a profound effect on quality of life.

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OBJECTIVE: A double-blind placebo-controlled study was conducted according to EMA guidelines, to evaluate safety, tolerability and short-term treatment effects of three up-dosing regimens of Phleum pratense subcutaneous immunotherapy.
METHODS: Forty-two patients were randomized to groups: A (6 weekly doses), B (8 weekly doses) or C (eight doses, two clustered increasing doses over 3 weeks).
RESULTS: The most frequent adverse events were local reactions. No serious adverse events were found. Higher number and more severe systemic reactions were reported in group C. A decrease in cutaneous responses and an increase of specific antibodies was shown in all active groups even at very short-term.
CONCLUSIONS: Phleum pratense subcutaneous immunotherapy in depot presentation exhibited good safety and tolerability. Group A seemed to show the best profile.