非洲马病是一种毁灭性的疾病,在撒哈拉以南非洲的马匹中造成巨大的痛苦和许多死亡。它是由九种不同血清型的Orbivirus非洲马病病毒(AHSV)引起的,并由Culicoidmid传播。随着全球变暖和气候变化,mid媒介的地理分布不断扩大,该疾病对南部非洲和越来越远的地区的马业产生了重大的经济影响。减毒活疫苗(LAV)已经相对成功地使用了几十年,但在爆发和疫苗株之间存在毒力逆转和/或基因重组的风险。此外,疫苗缺乏DIVA能力,区分疫苗诱导的免疫和自然感染诱导的免疫的能力。这些担忧激发了人们对开发新产品的兴趣,利用病毒载体或基于反向遗传学或病毒样颗粒技术的更有利的重组疫苗。这篇综述总结了目前对AHSV结构和病毒复制周期的理解,并评估了可能用于预防或控制疾病的现有和潜在的疫苗策略。
African horse sickness is a devastating disease that causes great suffering and many fatalities amongst horses in sub-Saharan Africa. It is caused by nine different serotypes of the orbivirus African horse sickness virus (AHSV) and it is spread by Culicoid midges. The disease has significant economic consequences for the equine industry both in southern Africa and increasingly further afield as the geographic distribution of the midge vector broadens with global warming and climate change. Live attenuated vaccines (LAV) have been used with relative success for many decades but carry the risk of reversion to virulence and/or genetic re-assortment between outbreak and vaccine strains. Furthermore, the vaccines lack DIVA capacity, the ability to distinguish between vaccine-induced immunity and that induced by natural infection. These concerns have motivated interest in the development of new, more favourable recombinant vaccines that utilize viral vectors or are based on reverse genetics or virus-like particle technologies. This
review summarizes the current understanding of AHSV structure and the viral replication cycle and also evaluates existing and potential vaccine strategies that may be applied to prevent or control the disease.