全球范围内,传统医学广泛用于治疗各种伤害和疾病,包括狗咬伤,以及对狂犬病有风险的暴露。然而,用于狂犬病预防或治疗的大多数传统疗法的疗效尚未在对照试验中得到证实,也未在社区调查中得到证实.
搜索了六个数据库,包括狂犬病术语,传统治疗,传统的补救措施,传统疗法,传统医学,和药物治疗,以回顾预防和治疗狂犬病的传统疗法。此外,已发表的狂犬病传播动态文献被用来估计狗咬伤受害者患狂犬病的统计可能性,以澄清为什么传统治疗师在防止疑似狂犬病狗咬伤受害者的狂犬病死亡时具有很高的明显成功率。
文献综述发表了50篇文章,包括三个对照实验,描述了使用传统疗法预防和治疗狂犬病。狂犬病的传统疗法从植物或动物产品到精神仪式不等;然而,只进行了一些对照小鼠试验,这些试验都没有证明在预防或治疗狂犬病方面有效。狂犬病状况不明的狗咬伤后死于狂犬病的风险很低,1.90%(0.05%-29.60%)。因此,尽管草药无效,但传统治疗师在预防疑似狂犬病狗咬伤死亡方面的明显成功率为98.10%(70.40%-99.95%)。
没有通用的植物物种或给药途径在各国一直用于狂犬病的预防或治疗。在随机对照实验中,传统疗法在狂犬病的预防或治疗中没有有效的效果。了解使用传统疗法的文化背景可以促进传统治疗师与现代医疗系统的合作,以确保及时和适当地使用经过验证的疗法来预防和临床管理狂犬病。
Globally, traditional medicine is widely used to treat a variety of injuries and illnesses, including dog bites, and exposures that are risky for rabies. However, efficacy of most traditional remedies used for rabies prevention or treatment has not been demonstrated in controlled trials or proven in community-based surveys.
Six databases were searched including the terms rabies, traditional treatment, traditional remedy, traditional therapy, traditional medicine, and medicinal treatment to
review traditional remedies used in the prevention and treatment of rabies. In addition, published literature of rabies transmission dynamics was used to estimate statistical likelihood of dog bite victims developing rabies to provide clarity as to why traditional healers have a high apparent success rate when preventing death from rabies in victims bitten by suspected rabid dogs.
Literature
review yielded 50 articles, including three controlled experiments, that described use of traditional remedies for rabies prevention and treatment. Traditional remedies for rabies ranged from plant- or animal-based products to spiritual rituals; however, only a few controlled mice trials were conducted, and none of these trials demonstrated efficacy in preventing or treating rabies. Risk of dying from rabies after a bite from a dog with unknown rabies status is low, 1.90% (0.05%-29.60%). Therefore, traditional healers had a 98.10% (70.40%-99.95%) apparent success rate in preventing death from suspected rabid dog bites despite inefficaciousness of herbal remedies.
There was no universal plant species or route of administration that was consistently used for rabies prevention or treatment across countries. No traditional remedy was efficacious in the prevention or treatment of rabies in randomized controlled experiments. Understanding the cultural context under which traditional remedies are used may facilitate collaboration of traditional healers with the modern medical system to ensure timely and appropriate use of proven therapies for prevention and clinical management of rabies.