各种病毒会引起病毒感染,这些病毒有不同的微观尺寸,遗传物质,和形态形式。由于病毒感染,宿主身体诱导防御机制,激活先天和适应性免疫系统。sncRNAs参与各种生物过程,并在包括ZIKV在内的病毒的抗病毒反应中发挥重要作用,HCV,DENV,SARS-CoV,和西尼罗河病毒,并调节病毒和宿主细胞之间复杂的相互作用。这篇综述讨论了miRNA的作用,siRNA,piRNAs,和抗病毒反应中的tiRNAs。细胞miRNA与病毒mRNA结合并在多种病毒中执行其抗病毒应答。然而,为避免核酸酶攻击所必需的miRNA的化学修饰,然后参与细胞内加工,已经证明对miRNA的治疗替代具有挑战性。siRNA通过沿着靶向mRNA的正确核苷酸靶向感兴趣的任何基因而具有显著的抗病毒应答。由于这种能力,siRNA在用于治疗目的的抗病毒应答中具有有价值的特征。此外,研究人员注意到piRNAs和tiRNAs参与抗病毒反应,然而,他们的发现被认为是微不足道的。
Various viruses cause viral infection, and these viruses have different microscopic sizes, genetic material, and morphological forms. Due to a viral infection, the host body induces defense mechanisms that activate the innate and adaptive immune system. sncRNAs are involved in various biological processes and play an essential role in antiviral response in viruses including ZIKV, HCV, DENV, SARS-CoV, and West Nile virus, and regulate the complex interactions between the viruses and host cells. This
review discusses the role of miRNAs, siRNAs, piRNAs, and tiRNAs in antiviral response. Cellular miRNAs bind with virus mRNA and perform their antiviral response in multiple viruses. However, the chemical modifications of miRNA necessary to avoid nuclease attack, which is then involved with intracellular processing, have proven challenging for therapeutic replacement of miRNAs. siRNAs have significant antiviral responses by targeting any gene of interest along the correct nucleotide of targeting mRNA. Due to this ability, siRNAs have valuable characteristics in antiviral response for therapeutic purposes. Additionally, the researchers noted the involvement of piRNAs and tiRNAs in the antiviral response, yet their findings were deemed insignificant.