背景:寻求医疗护理的患者数量正在增加,有必要获得更多的初级保健服务。由于这些患者中的一些人通常患有复杂的疾病,初级保健中的卫生专业人员之间需要跨专业合作(IPC)。IPC对于面对不断增长和具有挑战性的医疗保健需求至关重要。因此,应研究IPC的促进者和障碍,以期将结果用于促进此类努力。
目的:本研究旨在探讨卡塔尔初级卫生保健机构中不同卫生专业人员对IPC的促进者和障碍的看法。
方法:在卡塔尔的初级卫生保健公司(PHCC)内进行了一项使用焦点小组的定性研究。邀请了几位卫生专业人员参加重点小组。焦点小组是全科医生(GP)的普通专业人士,护士,还有牙医,而他们是其他卫生专业人员的跨专业人员。焦点小组被录音和逐字转录,并由研究小组验证。使用“齿轮”概念模型作为编码框架,通过演绎主题分析对数据进行了分析。
结果:进行了14个焦点小组,涉及58名参与者(包括17名全科医生,12名护士,15位药剂师,3个牙医,和11名专职医疗专业人员)在卡塔尔的PHCC工作。研究结果揭示了一系列影响IPC的因素,分为四个主要领域:宏,Meso,Micro,和个人层面,每个人都伴随着相关的障碍和促进者。确定的主要挑战包括缺乏沟通技巧,专业能力不足,和权力不平衡,在其他人中。为了应对这些挑战,提出了实施IPC专门培训课程的建议,减少不同卫生专业人员之间的等级障碍,并提高现有系统的有效性。相反,有人强调,项目和运动侧重于IPC,除了提高沟通技巧和支持领导的存在,对于促进PHCC中的有效IPC至关重要。
结论:中观之间的相互作用,宏,micro,和个人层面强调了多方面干预方法的重要性,旨在加强IPC的成功。虽然跨专业教育培训等举措正在进行中,在PHCC设置中实现改进的协作和更有效的IPC整合之前,仍然存在许多挑战。
BACKGROUND: The number of patients seeking medical care is increasing, necessitating more access to primary healthcare services. As several of these patients usually present with complex medical conditions, the need for interprofessional collaboration (IPC) among health professionals in primary care is necessary. IPC is essential for facing the increasing and challenging healthcare demands. Therefore, the facilitators of and the barriers to IPC should be studied in the hope that the results will be used to promote such endeavors.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the perspectives of different health professionals regarding the facilitators of and the barriers to IPC in the primary healthcare settings in
Qatar.
METHODS: A qualitative study using focus groups was conducted within the Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC) in
Qatar. Several health professionals were invited to participate in the focus groups. The focus groups were uniprofessional for general practitioners (GPs), nurses, and dentists, while they were interprofessional for the other health professionals. Focus groups were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim and validated by the research team. The data were analyzed by deductive thematic analysis using the \"Gears\" Conceptual Model as a coding framework.
RESULTS: Fourteen focus groups were conducted involving 58 participants (including 17 GPs, 12 nurses, 15 pharmacists, 3 dentists, and 11 allied health professionals) working in PHCC in
Qatar. The findings revealed a spectrum of factors influencing IPC, categorized into four main domains: Macro, Meso, Micro, and individual levels, with each accompanied by relevant barriers and facilitators. Key challenges identified included a lack of communication skills, insufficient professional competencies, and power imbalances, among others. To address these challenges, recommendations were made to implement dedicated training sessions on IPC, reduce hierarchical barriers among different health professionals, and enhance the effectiveness of existing systems. Conversely, it was emphasized that projects and campaigns focused on IPC, alongside the development of enhanced communication skills and the presence of supportive leadership, as essential for facilitating effective IPC in PHCCs.
CONCLUSIONS: The interplay between the meso, macro, micro, and individual levels highlight the significance of a multifaceted approach to interventions, aiming to enhance the successes of IPC. While initiatives like interprofessional education training are underway, numerous challenges persist before achieving improved collaboration and more efficient integration of IPC in the PHCC setting.