To gain a better understanding of the factors that contribute to anxiety among PhD students and the reasons for poor regulation in the current situation, this paper analyses the existing literature on anxiety among PhD students using Green\'s model. It also compares and evaluates various methods of regulating anxiety. The literature review to extract information on the causes and levels of anxiety, methods and outcomes of anxiety intervention and regulation, and to make comparisons. The study reveals that the phenomenon of PhD students\' anxiety has intensified globally in recent years, especially after the end of the epidemic. PhD students experience anxiety due to research pressure, economic pressure, future development, and interpersonal pressure. The main influencing factors are currently the relationship with the supervisor, development prospects, social support, and peer comparison. Among the stress relief methods, the regulation of self-relaxation was found to have better effects on mild anxiety, such as positive thinking, meditation, yoga and physical exercise can be helpful for emotion release then help focus on problem solved. Whereas severe anxiety may require institutional and pharmacological support, also including using psychological therapy such as behavioral cognitive therapy and systematic desensitization methods. For university, competence to provide course-assisted guidance, such as writing groups, peer support, and time management, is also important. Academic communities should pay attention to the guidance on academic fairness. However, PhD students are often unaware of the resources available to them for coping with stress and may not take the initiative to seek psychological counseling or institutional assistance. Therefore, PhD students should receive support from various sources, be guided to express their thoughts, and receive additional education and academic assistance to manage stress. This will enhance their confidence and aid in improving their scientific research.

BACKGROUND: Psychological factors impact patients with rotator cuff tears (RCT) in terms of pain level, shoulder function, sleep disturbance, and quality of life (QoL). The aim of this study was to quantify the prevalence of psychological factors in those patients, evaluate their influence on patient-reported outcomes (PROMs), and assess the possible improvement with surgical treatment.
METHODS: The literature search was performed on PubMed, Web of Science, Wiley Cochrane Library up to January, 2023.
METHODS: RCT treated with arthroscopic rotator cuff reconstruction (ARCR), description of psychological variables evaluated with validated questionnaires, descriptions of PROMs.
RESULTS: Thirty-nine studies included 7021 patients. Depression was found in eight studies (19.2%), anxiety in 6 (13.0%), sleep disturbance in seven (71.3%), and distress in three studies (26.4%). Studies evaluating the relationship between psychological impairment and pain documented more pain and impaired shoulder function before and after ARCR in patients with altered psychological status.
CONCLUSIONS: An impaired psychological status has an important impact on patients\' perception of their disease. RCT patients with psychological alterations often experience more pain and reduced shoulder function, thus having worse QoL.
CONCLUSIONS: This study underlines that psychological impairment largely affects RCT patient condition and treatment outcome, which underlines the importance of a multidisciplinary biopsychosocial intervention to achieve better results.

This umbrella review aimed to summarize the available evidence on the association between dry eye disease and depression.
We searched the Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane databases using the search string \"(Dry eye syndrome OR Keratoconjunctivitis sicca OR KCS OR Aqueous tear deficiency OR Sjogren syndrome) AND (depression OR depressive symptoms) AND (meta-analysis OR systematic review)\" from inception to 20 July 2022. We considered all meta-analyses investigating the association between dry eye disease and depression.
After summarizing the included meta-analyses, it was concluded that dry eye disease is associated with depression. The symptoms of dry eye disease affect the daily lives of patients, thus affecting their mood. However, further evidence is required to confirm this association.
This finding highlights the importance of psychological support for patients with dry eye disease. Future clinical studies should investigate the mechanism underlying the association between dry eye disease and depression.
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier: CRD42022320619.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an inflammatory rheumatic disease in which the physical impact has been evaluated; however, the psychological consequences are less well explored. The primary aim of this review was to determine the effectiveness of group versus home-based exercises on psychological status of patients with AS.
Six databases were searched until January 2020. Eligible studies were randomised controlled trials including group or home-based exercise interventions. Risk of bias (RoB) was evaluated using the Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool. Relative percentage difference (RPD) between groups and effect sizes were presented as standardised mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Five studies met the inclusion criteria (n = 240), outcomes of interest were depression, anxiety and mental health. Three studies were low-risk RoB, one study was high-risk RoB and one study there was \'some concerns\' of bias. Group-based exercise was more effective than home-based exercise for improving depression at 6-week (RPD 18%) and 3-month (RPD 42%), anxiety (RPD 17%) and mental health (RPD 20%). Home-based exercise was more effective than control interventions for improving depression (RPD 33%). A meta-analysis demonstrated group-based exercises compared to home exercises, improved depression (SMD: -0.54; 95% CI: [-0.89; -0.18]; p = 0.003) and physical function (SMD: -0.49; 95% CI: [-0.84; -0.14]; p = 0.006).
Supervised group-based demonstrated improvements in depression, anxiety and mental health compared to home-based exercise. Individualised home-based exercise is more effective than no intervention for improving depression in people with AS.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this narrative review of the literature was to evaluate and summarize the current literature regarding the effect of lipedema on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and psychological status.
METHODS: The authors collected articles through a search into Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), and the Cochrane Review. Search terms used included \"Lipoedema,\" \"Lipedema,\" \"psychological status,\" \"Quality of life,\" \"Health related quality of life,\" and \"HRQOL.\"
RESULTS: A total of four observational studies were evaluated. The included studies were moderate-quality according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Three of the included studies demonstrated deterioration of HRQOL and psychological status in patients with lipedema. These studies also identify that pain and tenderness are a more common and dominant characteristic.
CONCLUSIONS: Future studies should establish a specific approach to treat and manage lipedema symptoms. Based on this narrative review of the literature findings, we recommended for the health care provider to pay more attention to HRQOL and psychological status. Moreover, validated and adapted measures of HRQOL and psychological status for patients with lipedema are required.
METHODS: Level V, narrative review.

Infertility requires long-term care and treatments which would influence different aspects of health including the mental health of infertile women. The present study was conducted to determine strategies for psychological empowerment of infertile women. This systematic review was performed on previously conducted clinical trials. To achieve the intended studies, databases of Magiran, Scientific Information Database, Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science and also Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials website were searched using \"infertility and infertile women\" as the keywords. The inclusion criteria were being an interventional study and assessing the psychological status of infertile women. Performed studies in Iran with no time limitations were evaluated. Based on the Jadad criteria, studies with a score of 3 or more were enrolled in the systematic review. After assessing the quality of the studies, 21 studies were enrolled in the review for final evaluation. Reviewing the conducted studies showed that educational and counseling interventions could be effective in improving the aspects of psychological well-being of infertile women. Existing evidence revealed that applying coping strategies is effective in improving the quality of life in infertile women, which consequently lead to the improvement of psychological empowerment of infertile women.