癌症是世界范围内发病率和死亡率的主要原因之一。仅在美国,预计2017年将发生1,688,780例新癌症病例和600,920例癌症死亡。传统的癌症治疗包括手术,化学-,放射治疗是有效的,但通常受到肿瘤侵袭的限制,脱靶毒性,和获得的抵抗力。为了改善临床结果并减少毒副作用,更有针对性,肿瘤特异性疗法正在开发中。使用肿瘤嗜性细胞递送抗癌有效载荷可以大大增加向肿瘤部位的治疗分布。同时保留非肿瘤组织,因此最大限度地减少毒副作用。神经干细胞(NSC)是肿瘤细胞,可以快速通过正常器官,定位于全身的侵袭性和转移性肿瘤病灶,穿过血脑屏障到达脑部肿瘤.这篇综述集中于NSC作为载体选择性地将各种抗癌有效载荷递送到肿瘤部位的潜在用途。神经干细胞在癌症治疗中的应用已经在大脑中得到了最广泛的研究,但这些发现适用于其他转移性实体瘤,这将在这篇评论中描述。策略包括NSC介导的酶/前药基因治疗,溶瘤病毒疗法,和抗体的传递,纳米粒子,和含有寡核苷酸的细胞外囊泡。临床前发现和转化研究,以及早期的临床试验,将讨论。干细胞转化医学2018;7:740-747。
Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with 1,688,780 new cancer cases and 600,920 cancer deaths projected to occur in 2017 in the U.S. alone. Conventional cancer treatments including surgical, chemo-, and radiation therapies can be effective, but are often limited by tumor invasion, off-target toxicities, and acquired resistance. To improve clinical outcomes and decrease toxic side effects, more targeted, tumor-specific therapies are being developed. Delivering anticancer payloads using tumor-tropic cells can greatly increase therapeutic distribution to tumor sites, while sparing non-tumor tissues therefore minimizing toxic side effects. Neural stem cells (NSCs) are tumor-tropic cells that can pass through normal organs quickly, localize to invasive and metastatic tumor foci throughout the body, and cross the blood-brain barrier to reach tumors in the brain. This
review focuses on the potential use of NSCs as vehicles to deliver various anticancer payloads selectively to tumor sites. The use of NSCs in cancer treatment has been studied most extensively in the brain, but the findings are applicable to other metastatic solid tumors, which will be described in this
review. Strategies include NSC-mediated enzyme/prodrug gene therapy, oncolytic virotherapy, and delivery of antibodies, nanoparticles, and extracellular vesicles containing oligonucleotides. Preclinical discovery and translational studies, as well as early clinical trials, will be discussed. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2018;7:740-747.