英国低风险饮酒指南(LRDG)建议每周不要经常饮酒超过14单位。我们测试了酒精含量的不同图像表示的效果,一些带有健康警告的人,关于LRDG的知识和对它相当于多少饮料的理解。
平行随机对照试验.
在线,2019年1月25日至2月1日
参与者(n=7516)是英语,18岁以上,饮酒。
对照组看到了现有的行业标准标签;六个干预组看到了基于以下方面的设计:食品标签(服务或服务和容器),象形文字(服务或容器),饼图(份数)或风险梯度。共有500名参与者(每种情况约70名)在设计下看到了健康警告。
主要结果:(i)知识:回答LRDG为14个单位的比例;(ii)理解:在达到14个单位之前可以喝多少份/容器的饮料(10个问题,与正确答案的平均距离)。
在对照组中,21.5%的人知道LRDG;干预组的比例更高(均P<0.001)。三个性能最好的设计在单独的声明中都有LRDG,在象形图容器下方:51.1%[调整后的优势比(AOR)=3.74,95%置信区间(CI)=3.08-4.54],象形图服务48.8%(AOR=4.11,95%CI=3.39-4.99)和饼图服务,47.5%(aOR=3.57,95%CI=2.93-4.34)。参与者低估了他们可以喝多少份:对照平均值=-4.64,标准差(SD)=3.43;干预组更准确(所有P<0.001),表现最好的是象形图服务(平均值=-0.93,SD=3.43).参与者高估了他们可以喝多少容器:对照平均值=0.09,SD=1.02;干预组高估了更多(所有P<0.007),表现最差的是食品标签服务(平均值=1.10,SD=1.27).参与者比葡萄酒或烈酒更准确地判断啤酒的酒精含量。纳入健康警告对任何措施都没有统计学意义。
与行业标准标签相比,具有增强的酒精含量图像表示的标签提高了对英国低风险饮酒指南的认识和理解;健康警告并没有提高对低风险饮酒指南的认识或理解。改善知识最多的设计在图形下方的单独声明中具有低风险饮酒指南。
The UK low-risk drinking
guidelines (LRDG) recommend not regularly drinking more than 14 units of alcohol per week. We tested the effect of different pictorial representations of alcohol content, some with a health warning, on knowledge of the LRDG and understanding of how many drinks it equates to.
Parallel randomized controlled trial.
On-line, 25 January-1 February 2019.
Participants (n = 7516) were English, aged over 18 years and drink alcohol.
The control group saw existing industry-standard labels; six intervention groups saw designs based on: food labels (serving or serving and container), pictographs (servings or containers), pie charts (servings) or risk gradients. A total of 500 participants (~70 per condition) saw a health warning under the design.
Primary outcomes: (i) knowledge: proportion who answered that the LRDG is 14 units; and (ii) understanding: how many servings/containers of beverages one can drink before reaching 14 units (10 questions, average distance from correct answer).
In the control group, 21.5% knew the LRDG; proportions were higher in intervention groups (all P < 0.001). The three best-performing designs had the LRDG in a separate statement, beneath the pictograph container: 51.1% [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 3.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.08-4.54], pictograph serving 48.8% (aOR = 4.11, 95% CI = 3.39-4.99) and pie-chart serving, 47.5% (aOR = 3.57, 95% CI = 2.93-4.34). Participants underestimated how many servings they could drink: control mean = -4.64, standard deviation (SD) = 3.43; intervention groups were more accurate (all P < 0.001), best performing was pictograph serving (mean = -0.93, SD = 3.43). Participants overestimated how many containers they could drink: control mean = 0.09, SD = 1.02; intervention groups overestimated even more (all P < 0.007), worst-performing was food label serving (mean = 1.10, SD = 1.27). Participants judged the alcohol content of beers more accurately than wine or spirits. The inclusion of a health warning had no statistically significant effect on any measure.
Labels with enhanced pictorial representations of alcohol content improved knowledge and understanding of the UK\'s low-risk drinking
guidelines compared with industry-standard labels; health warnings did not improve knowledge or understanding of low-risk drinking
guidelines. Designs that improved knowledge most had the low-risk drinking
guidelines in a separate statement located beneath the graphics.