背景:虽然人们认识到社会支持可以缓解心理健康症状,在美国的中国孕妇和育儿移民中,这种关系并没有得到很好的理解。本研究旨在通过探索不同类型的社会支持与女性焦虑和抑郁之间的关系来弥合这一差距。并检查这些关联如何随怀孕状态而变化。
方法:数据来自2021年3月至6月以简体中文或普通话对526名怀孕和/或抚养5岁以下儿童的妇女进行的横断面调查。患者报告的结果测量信息系统(PROMIS)焦虑,抑郁症,社会支持量表用于测量焦虑,抑郁症,社会支持水平。描述性统计,t检验,卡方检验,和皮尔森的相关性被用于分析。采用分层回归方法,探讨社会支持类型和妊娠状态对心理健康结局的主要影响及交互作用。
结果:与非孕妇相比,孕妇报告的焦虑(非怀孕:55,怀孕:59,p<0.01)和抑郁(非怀孕:54,怀孕:56,p=0.02)的平均得分较高。工具支持对焦虑(β=-0.13,p=0.01)和抑郁(β=-0.16,p<0.01)表现出显着的主要作用;情感支持仅对抑郁表现出显着的主要作用(β=-0.13,p=0.01)。值得注意的是,妊娠状态与情感支持(β=-0.28,p=0.01)和情感支持(β=-0.42,p<0.01)之间的交互作用对焦虑具有显着影响。相比之下,信息支持对焦虑或抑郁均无显著影响.
结论:研究结果表明,为文化背景量身定制支持至关重要,特别是对于这个中国移民社区的孕妇来说,工具和情感支持对减轻产妇焦虑特别有益。
BACKGROUND: While it is recognized that social support can alleviate mental health symptoms, this relationship is not well-understood among Chinese pregnant and parenting immigrants in the United States. This study aims to bridge this gap by exploring the relationships between different types of social support and women\'s anxiety and depression, and examining how these associations vary with pregnancy status.
METHODS: Data were obtained from a cross-sectional survey conducted in Simplified Chinese or Mandarin between March-June 2021 among 526 women who were pregnant and/or parenting a child under five years. The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Anxiety, Depression, and Social Support scales were used to measure anxiety, depression, and social support levels. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, chi-square tests, and Pearson\'s correlations were employed for analysis. Hierarchical regression was conducted to investigate the main and interaction effects of social support types and pregnancy status on mental health outcomes.
RESULTS: Compared to non-pregnant women, pregnant women reported higher mean scores for anxiety (non-pregnant: 55, pregnant: 59, p < 0.01) and depression (non-pregnant: 54, pregnant: 56, p = 0.02). Instrumental support displayed a significant main effect in relation to anxiety (β=-0.13, p = 0.01) and depression (β=-0.16, p < 0.01); emotional support exhibited a significant main effect solely on depression (β=-0.13, p = 0.01). Notably, the interaction effects between pregnancy status and both instrumental (β=-0.28, p = 0.01) and emotional support (β=-0.42, p < 0.01) were significant for anxiety. In contrast, informational support did not exhibit a significant impact on either anxiety or depression.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that tailoring support to the cultural context is crucial, especially for pregnant women in this Chinese immigrant community, with instrumental and emotional support being particularly beneficial in mitigating maternal anxiety.