天然水源的光环境具有特定的特征。对于大多数水生生物来说,视觉对捕食至关重要,躲避捕食者,传递信息,和繁殖。视网膜电图(ERG)是一种用于评估视觉功能的诊断方法。视网膜电图记录了视网膜细胞在光刺激下的综合潜在反应,并将其分为几个部分。独特的波成分来自不同的视网膜细胞,因此,视网膜功能可以通过分析这些成分来确定。这篇综述概述了ERG技术的里程碑,描述如何使用ERG来研究视觉敏感度(例如,光谱灵敏度,发光灵敏度,和时间分辨率)的鱼,甲壳类动物,软体动物,和其他水生生物(海豹,海狮,海龟,马蹄蟹,和水母)。此外,它描述了视觉敏感度和栖息地之间的相关性,视敏感度的变化作为个体生长的函数,和视觉灵敏度的diel周期变化。努力识别不同水生生物的视觉敏感性对于理解生物进化的环境可塑性和指导水产养殖至关重要,海洋渔业,和生态系统管理。
The light environments of natural water sources have specific characteristics. For the majority of aquatic organisms, vision is crucial for predation, hiding from predators, communicating information, and reproduction. Electroretinography (ERG) is a diagnostic method used for assessing visual function. An electroretinogram records the comprehensive potential response of retinal cells under light stimuli and divides it into several components. Unique wave components are derived from different retinal cells, thus retinal function can be determined by analyzing these components. This
review provides an overview of the milestones of ERG technology, describing how ERG is used to study visual sensitivity (e.g., spectral sensitivity, luminous sensitivity, and temporal resolution) of fish, crustaceans, mollusks, and other aquatic organisms (seals, sea lions, sea turtles, horseshoe crabs, and jellyfish). In addition, it describes the correlations between visual sensitivity and habitat, the variation of visual sensitivity as a function of individual growth, and the diel cycle changes of visual sensitivity. Efforts to identify the visual sensitivity of different aquatic organisms are vital to understanding the environmental plasticity of biological evolution and for directing aquaculture, marine fishery, and ecosystem management.