暂无摘要。

BACKGROUND: In the past decade, there have been substantial advances in our understanding of pediatric AKI. Despite this progress, large gaps remain in our understanding of pharmacology and nutritional therapy in pediatric AKI.
METHODS: During the 26th Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) Consensus Conference, a multidisciplinary group of experts reviewed the evidence and used a modified Delphi process to achieve consensus on recommendations for gaps and advances in care for pharmacologic and nutritional management of pediatric AKI. The current evidence as well as gaps and opportunities were discussed, and recommendations were summarized.
RESULTS: Two consensus statements were developed. (1) High-value, kidney-eliminated medications should be selected for a detailed characterization of their pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and pharmaco-\"omics\" in sick children across the developmental continuum. This will allow for the optimization of real-time modeling with the goal of improving patient care. Nephrotoxin stewardship will be identified as an organizational priority and supported with necessary resources and infrastructure. (2) Patient-centered outcomes (functional status, quality of life, and optimal growth and development) must drive targeted nutritional interventions to optimize short- and long-term nutrition. Measures of acute and chronic changes of anthropometrics, body composition, physical function, and metabolic control should be incorporated into nutritional assessments.
CONCLUSIONS: Neonates and children have unique metabolic and growth parameters compared to adult patients. Strategic investments in multidisciplinary translational research efforts are required to fill the knowledge gaps in nutritional requirements and pharmacological best practices for children with or at risk for AKI.

Conventional synthetic (cs) and targeted synthetic (ts) disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD) have potential interactions with a multitude of drugs. Furthermore, they sometimes have a lower therapeutic index, particularly in cases of limited organ functions. The aim of this work was to establish evidence-based recommendations on the therapeutic use of DMARDs in the context of drug interactions and dosage recommendations. A systematic literature search was carried out on the issue of drug interactions and dosages in cases of patients with limited kidney function and higher age and suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. A total of 2756 scientific publications were screened and 154 selected of which 68 were scrutinized in detail. Furthermore, the respective product information was also analyzed. A multitude of possible interactions of synthetic DMARDs with different drugs were detected, which were then assessed with respect to the clinical significance and consequences. A consensus process led to making recommendations with which the interactions were classified: A: dangerous combination, B: avoid combination (if possible, pausing DMARD treatment), C: possible combination requiring increased monitoring and potential adjustments in dosage and D: pharmacological interaction without relevance in DMARD standard doses. Apart from that dosage recommendations were established for each csDMARD and tsDMARD depending on kidney function and age. There are 3 primary recommendations and 11 core recommendations on interactions and dosages of csDMARDs and tsDMARDs meant as a practical help for therapeutic decision making and to improve safety in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
UNASSIGNED: Konventionelle synthetische („conventional synthetic“ [cs]) und gezielte synthetische („targeted synthetic“ [ts]) DMARDs haben potenzielle Wechselwirkungen mit einer Vielzahl von Medikamenten. Darüber hinaus haben sie insbesondere bei eingeschränkten Organfunktionen teilweise eine geringe therapeutische Breite. Ziel der Arbeit war eine systematische Erarbeitung von evidenzbasierten Empfehlungen zur Therapie mit DMARDs im Kontext von Arzneimittelinteraktionen und Dosierungsempfehlungen. Es wurde eine systematische Literaturrecherche zur Frage nach Wechselwirkungen sowie Dosierungen bei eingeschränkter Nierenfunktion und höherem Lebensalter bei rheumatoider Arthritis durchgeführt. Insgesamt wurden 2756 wissenschaftliche Publikationen gescreent und 154 ausgewählt, wobei 68 Publikationen in eine detaillierte Analyse eingingen. Darüber hinaus wurden die Informationen der jeweiligen Fachinformationen analysiert. Es fand sich eine Vielzahl von möglichen Wechselwirkungen von synthetischen DMARDs mit verschiedenen Medikamenten, welche bezüglich klinischer Bedeutung und Konsequenz bewertet wurden. In einem Konsensprozess wurden Empfehlungen erarbeitet, wobei eine Graduierung der Wechselwirkungen erfolgte: A: gefährliche Kombination, B: Kombination meiden (wenn möglich DMARD-Pause), C: mögliche Kombination mit erhöhtem Überwachungsbedarf und evtl. Dosisanpassung, D: pharmakologische Interaktion ohne Relevanz in Standarddosierungen des DMARD. Es wurden darüber hinaus Dosierungsempfehlungen nach Nierenfunktion und Alter für jedes cs- und tsDMARD erarbeitet. Drei übergeordnete Empfehlungen und 11 Kernempfehlungen zu Wechselwirkungen und Dosierung von cs- und tsDMARDs sollen praktische Hilfestellung für therapeutische Entscheidungen geben und die Sicherheit der Therapie der rheumatoiden Arthritis verbessern.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of Working Group 3 was to address the influence of both material- and anti-resorptive drug- related factors on clinical and biological outcomes and complications in implant dentistry. Focused questions were addressed on (a) implant materials other than titanium (alloy)s, (b) transmucosal abutment materials and (c) medications affecting bone metabolism were addressed.
METHODS: Three systematic reviews formed the basis for discussion in Group 3. Consensus statements and clinical recommendations were formulated by group consensus based on the findings of the systematic reviews. Patient perspectives and recommendations for future research were also conveyed. These were then presented and accepted following further discussion and modifications as required by the plenary.
RESULTS: Zirconia is a valid alternative to titanium as material for implant and transmucosal components, allowing soft and hard tissue integration with clinical outcomes-identified by implant survival, marginal bone loss and peri-implant probing depths-up to 5-years comparable to titatnium. However, most of the evidence for zirconia implants is based on 1-piece implants limiting the indication range. Furthermore, based on expert opinion, zirconia transmucosal components might be preferred in the esthetic zone. In patients receiving low-dose bisphosphonate therapy, the rate of early implant failure is not increased, while the long-term effects remain poorly studied. Although it has not been sufficiently addressed, similar outcomes can be expected with low-dose denosumab. A drug holiday is not recommended when considering implant placement in patients treated with low-dose ARD. However, the specific therapeutic window, the cumulative dose and the administration time should be considered. Access to peri-implant supportive care is mandatory to prevent peri-implantitis-related medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) or implant-related sequestra (IRS). In patients receiving low-dose anti-resorptive drugs (ARD) therapy, the risk of complications related to implant placement is high, and implant procedures in this specific population should be strictly treated in a comprehensive multidisciplinary center. Finally, healthy dental implants should not be removed before low or high-dose ARD.
CONCLUSIONS: Zirconia implants can be an alternative to titanium implants in selected indications. However, the current state of evidence remains limited, especially for 2-piece implant designs. Administration of low-dose ARD did not show any negative impact on early implant outcomes, but careful follow-up and supportive care is recommended in order to prevent peri-implant MRONJ and IRS. Implant placement in high-dose patients must be strictly considered in a comprehensive multidisciplinary center.

The \"2023 AHA/ACC/ACCP/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline for the Management of Patients With Chronic Coronary Disease\" provides an update to and consolidates new evidence since the \"2012 ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Patients With Stable Ischemic Heart Disease\" and the corresponding \"2014 ACC/AHA/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS Focused Update of the Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Patients With Stable Ischemic Heart Disease.\"
A comprehensive literature search was conducted from September 2021 to May 2022. Clinical studies, systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and other evidence conducted on human participants were identified that were published in English from MEDLINE (through PubMed), EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and other selected databases relevant to this guideline.
This guideline provides an evidenced-based and patient-centered approach to management of patients with chronic coronary disease, considering social determinants of health and incorporating the principles of shared decision-making and team-based care. Relevant topics include general approaches to treatment decisions, guideline-directed management and therapy to reduce symptoms and future cardiovascular events, decision-making pertaining to revascularization in patients with chronic coronary disease, recommendations for management in special populations, patient follow-up and monitoring, evidence gaps, and areas in need of future research. Where applicable, and based on availability of cost-effectiveness data, cost-value recommendations are also provided for clinicians. Many recommendations from previously published guidelines have been updated with new evidence, and new recommendations have been created when supported by published data.

The \"2023 AHA/ACC/ACCP/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline for the Management of Patients With Chronic Coronary Disease\" provides an update to and consolidates new evidence since the \"2012 ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Patients With Stable Ischemic Heart Disease\" and the corresponding \"2014 ACC/AHA/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS Focused Update of the Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Patients With Stable Ischemic Heart Disease.\"
A comprehensive literature search was conducted from September 2021 to May 2022. Clinical studies, systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and other evidence conducted on human participants were identified that were published in English from MEDLINE (through PubMed), EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and other selected databases relevant to this guideline.
This guideline provides an evidenced-based and patient-centered approach to management of patients with chronic coronary disease, considering social determinants of health and incorporating the principles of shared decision-making and team-based care. Relevant topics include general approaches to treatment decisions, guideline-directed management and therapy to reduce symptoms and future cardiovascular events, decision-making pertaining to revascularization in patients with chronic coronary disease, recommendations for management in special populations, patient follow-up and monitoring, evidence gaps, and areas in need of future research. Where applicable, and based on availability of cost-effectiveness data, cost-value recommendations are also provided for clinicians. Many recommendations from previously published guidelines have been updated with new evidence, and new recommendations have been created when supported by published data.

Fixed-dose and body mass index (BMI)-based enoxaparin regimens provide inadequate venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis for many trauma patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel blood volume (BV)-based enoxaparin guideline vs a historical BMI-based guideline for VTE prophylaxis in trauma patients.
This was a retrospective pre/post study completed at a large academic level 1 trauma center. All adult trauma patients admitted from October through December 2019 and August through October 2020 who received prophylactic enoxaparin per guideline were included. The BV dosing was as follows: patients with a BV of 3 to 4.9 L received enoxaparin 30 mg every 12 hours, those with a BV of 5 to 6.9 L received 40 mg every 12 hours, and those with a BV of ≥7 L received 60 mg every 12 hours. The primary outcome was the percentage of patients who attained a target anti-factor Xa (anti-Xa) postdosing level at the first steady-state assessment (0.2 to 0.5 IU/mL).
A total of 241 patients (99 for the BMI group and 142 for the BV group) were included. The study groups had a median age of 38 vs 42 years, a mean BMI of 27.4 vs 27.7 kg/m2, and a mean BV of 5.1 vs 5.1 L, respectively. A total of 63 patients (62.6%) in the BMI group attained target anti-Xa levels compared to 115 patients (81%) in the BV group (P = 0.008). In multivariate regression, the BV-based guideline was the only variable associated with attainment of target anti-Xa levels (adjusted odds ratio, 2.02; P = 0.01). Clinically relevant bleeding and VTE rates were similar between the groups.
Dosing prophylactic enoxaparin using a BV-based dosing guideline significantly increased attainment of target anti-Xa levels.

Conventional synthetic (cs) and targeted synthetic (ts) disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD) have potential interactions with a multitude of drugs. Furthermore, they sometimes have a lower therapeutic index, particularly in cases of limited organ functions. The aim of this work was to establish evidence-based recommendations on the therapeutic use of DMARDs in the context of drug interactions and dosage recommendations. A systematic literature search was carried out on the issue of drug interactions and dosages in cases of patients with limited kidney function and higher age and suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. A total of 2756 scientific publications were screened and 154 selected of which 68 were scrutinized in detail. Furthermore, the respective specialist subject information was also analyzed. A multitude of possible interactions of synthetic DMARDs with different drugs were detected, which were then assessed with respect to the clinical significance and consequences. A consensus process led to making recommendations with which the interactions were classified: A: dangerous combination, B: avoid combination (if possible, pausing DMARD treatment), C: possible combination requiring increased monitoring and potential adjustments in dosage and D: pharmacological interaction without relevance in DMARD standard doses. Apart from that dosage recommendations were established for each csDMARD and tsDMARD depending on kidney function and age. There are 3 primary recommendations and 11 core recommendations on interactions and dosages of csDMARDs and tsDMARDs meant as a practical help for therapeutic decision making and to improve safety in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
UNASSIGNED: Konventionelle synthetische („conventional synthetic“ [cs]) und gezielte synthetische („targeted synthetic“ [ts]) DMARDs haben potenzielle Wechselwirkungen mit einer Vielzahl von Medikamenten. Darüber hinaus haben sie insbesondere bei eingeschränkten Organfunktionen teilweise eine geringe therapeutische Breite. Ziel der Arbeit war eine systematische Erarbeitung von evidenzbasierten Empfehlungen zur Therapie mit DMARDs im Kontext von Arzneimittelinteraktionen und Dosierungsempfehlungen. Es wurde eine systematische Literaturrecherche zur Frage nach Wechselwirkungen sowie Dosierungen bei eingeschränkter Nierenfunktion und höherem Lebensalter bei rheumatoider Arthritis durchgeführt. Insgesamt wurden 2756 wissenschaftliche Publikationen gescreent und 154 ausgewählt, wobei 68 Publikationen in eine detaillierte Analyse eingingen. Darüber hinaus wurden die Informationen der jeweiligen Fachinformationen analysiert. Es fand sich eine Vielzahl von möglichen Wechselwirkungen von synthetischen DMARDs mit verschiedenen Medikamenten, welche bezüglich klinischer Bedeutung und Konsequenz bewertet wurden. In einem Konsensprozess wurden Empfehlungen erarbeitet, wobei eine Graduierung der Wechselwirkungen erfolgte: A: gefährliche Kombination, B: Kombination meiden (wenn möglich DMARD-Pause), C: mögliche Kombination mit erhöhtem Überwachungsbedarf und evtl. Dosisanpassung, D: pharmakologische Interaktion ohne Relevanz in Standarddosierungen des DMARD. Es wurden darüber hinaus Dosierungsempfehlungen nach Nierenfunktion und Alter für jedes cs- und tsDMARD erarbeitet. Drei übergeordnete Empfehlungen und 11 Kernempfehlungen zu Wechselwirkungen und Dosierung von cs- und tsDMARDs sollen praktische Hilfestellung für therapeutische Entscheidungen geben und die Sicherheit der Therapie der rheumatoiden Arthritis verbessern.

暂无摘要。

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) has been considered as the primary target for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, there are still residual cardiovascular risks in some patients even if LDL-C achieves the target level. Emerging evidence suggestes that elevated triglyceride (TG) level or triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) cholesterol (TRL-C) is one of the important components of the residual cardiovascular risks. Omega-3 fatty acids have been shown to be one of the effective drugs for reducing TG. However, its efficacy in reducing the risk of ASCVD is inconsistent in large randomized clinical trials. There is lack of consensus among Experts regarding the application of omega-3 fatty acids in cardiovascular diseases including heart failure, arrhythmia, cardiomyopathy, hypertension, and sudden death. Hence, the current consensus will comprehensively and scientifically present the detailed knowledge about the omega-3 fatty acids from a variety of aspects to provide a reference for its management of omega-3 fatty acids application in the Chinese population.