背景:由于专业人员的短缺以及对约会的需求和需求的不断增长,与医生的咨询变得越来越困难,延迟正在增加。为了限制这个问题,一些国家已经尝试了通过药房独立开处方的不同模式。
目的:本研究旨在分析社区药师在初级保健中独立处方的贡献,meso,宏观框架。
方法:这是对三个不同数据库的范围审查:Medline,Scopus和Embase.搜索(所有数据库)于2024年5月14日执行。要选择进行审查,需要在2000年以后发表的文章,用英语或法语写,并专注于社区药剂师的独立处方。这些文章必须调查独立于药剂师的处方(PIP)功效,有效性,或效率。仅包括原始研究。对纳入论文的参考书目进行了审查,以进行其他研究。这些文章被导入Covidence进行审查。
结果:搜索产生了2802篇文章,和1062保留后删除重复。最后,13项研究纳入范围审查。作为一个独立的处方者,社区药剂师可以改善患者获得初级保健的机会,减少治疗延迟(微观水平)。此外,患者安全得到维护,患者的生活质量得到提高。赋予社区药剂师额外的角色有助于减少医生的工作量,从而促进获得护理(中水平)。PIP模式似乎对社会具有成本效益,并且避免了医疗咨询(宏观层面)。
结论:这篇综述强调了独立药师的潜在价值和相关性。小病服务经常被描述,但是PIP也已针对慢性病实施。对社会的好处在各个层面都能感受到:微观,meso,和宏。其有效性和疗效已经确立,但是需要更多的研究,特别是它的效率。
BACKGROUND: Due to the shortage of professionals and the ever-increasing need for and demand for appointments, consultation with physicians is becoming increasingly difficult, and delays are increasing. To limit this issue, several countries have experimented with different models of independent prescribing through pharmacies.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the contribution of independent prescribing by community pharmacists in primary care using a micro, meso, and macrolevel framework.
METHODS: This was a scoping review of three different databases: Medline, Scopus and Embase. The search (all databases) was executed on May 14, 2024. To be selected for the review, articles needed to be published after 2000, written in English or French, and focused on independent prescribing by community pharmacists. The articles had to investigate the
pharmacist-independent prescribing (PIP) efficacy, effectiveness, or efficiency. Only original research was included. The bibliographies of the included papers were reviewed for additional studies. The articles were imported into Covidence to perform the
review.
RESULTS: The search yielded 2802 articles, and 1062 remained after removing duplicates. Finally, 13 studies were included in the scoping
review. As an independent prescriber, the community
pharmacist can improve patient access to primary care, reducing treatment delays (microlevel). In addition, patient safety is maintained, and patients\' quality of life is increased. Giving the community pharmacist an extra role helps reduce the workload on physicians, and thus facilitates access to care (mesolevel). The PIP model seems to be cost-effective for society and avoid medical consultations (macrolevel).
CONCLUSIONS: This
review highlights the potential value and relevance of
pharmacist independent prescribers. Minor ailment services were frequently described, but PIP has also been implemented for chronic conditions. The benefits to society are felt at all levels: micro, meso, and macro. Its effectiveness and efficacy have been established, but additional studies are needed, particularly on its efficiency.