Psoriasis vulgaris is a common inflammatory, immune mediated, chronic recurrent dermatosis. Psoriasis is also a systemic inflammatory disease, associated with numerous comorbidities, particularly metabolic ones. Here, we summarize and discuss, in a narrative review, the current knowledge about the metabolic comorbidities in psoriatic children. Obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and dyslipidemia are identified as the main comorbidities in psoriatic children. In conclusion, dermatologists should be aware of the metabolic comorbidities in children with psoriasis, modulating the therapeutic approach according to the patient\'s clinical condition.

Fish oil supplementation is commonplace in human nutrition and is being used in both enteral and parenteral formulations during the treatment of patients with a large variety of diseases and immune status. The biological effects of fish oil are believed to result from their content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). These fatty acids are known to have numerous effects upon immune functions and are described as immunomodulatory. However, immunomodulatory is a nondescript term that encompasses immunostimulation and immunosuppression. The primary goal of this review is to better describe the immune effects of n-3 PUFA as they relate to immunostimulatory vs. immunosuppressive effects. One mechanism proposed for the immune effects of n-3 PUFA relates to the production of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). A second goal of this review is to evaluate the effects of n-3 PUFA supplementation upon production of SPMs. Although n-3 PUFA are stated to possess anti-oxidative properties, these molecules are highly oxidizable due to multiple double bonds and may increase oxidative stress. Thus, the third goal of this review is to evaluate the effects of n-3 PUFA upon lipid oxidation. We conclude, based upon current scientific evidence, that n-3 PUFA suppress inflammatory responses and most cellular immune responses such as chemotaxis, transmigration, antigen presentation, and lymphocyte functions and should be considered immunosuppressive. n-3 PUFA induced production of resolution molecules is inconsistent with many resolution molecules failing to respond to n-3 PUFA supplementation. n-3 PUFA supplementation is associated with increased lipid peroxidation in most studies. Vitamin E co-administration is unreliable for prevention of the lipid peroxidation. These effects should be considered when administering n-3 PUFA to patients that may be immunosuppressed or under high oxidative stress due to illness or other treatments.

BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer in men in Western countries. In-vitro and in-vivo studies suggest that oxidative stress (OS) and antioxidants play a key role in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases including PCa, which is promoted by the production of reactive oxygen species and impaired antioxidant defense mechanisms. This study evaluates the association between OS and men with PCa.
METHODS: A literature search was carried out on Medline, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases, as well as manual searches from inception up to August 2015 using the keywords \"Oxidative stress\" or \"Reactive oxygen species\" or \"Lipid peroxidation\" AND \"Prostate cancer.\" All studies including data on the measurement of OS biomarkers in PCa were included.
RESULTS: Twenty-three case control studies were retrieved with sample sizes ranging from 15 to 3,613 (6,439 participants in total). Markers of OS were significantly higher in patients with PCa compared with control groups in 21 studies. Two self-controlled case studies comparing OS between PCa cells and non-PCa cells in tissue biopsies found OS to be statistically higher in PCa cancer cells. Results on markers of antioxidant capacity (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, uric acid, lutein, lycopene, beta carotein, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, and total antioxidants) were not completely consistent in their association with PCa.
CONCLUSIONS: Upregulated OS profiles and impairment of antioxidant defense systems may play a role in men with PCa. To confirm these findings, robust clinical trials utilizing a personalized approach which monitors both OS and antioxidant markers during therapy are warranted.

Fatty acids in blood samples, particularly polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), are susceptible to degradation through peroxidation reactions during long-term storage. Storage of blood samples is necessary in almost all studies and is crucial for larger clinical studies and in field research settings where it is not plausible for analytical infrastructure. Despite this, PUFA stability during blood storage is often overlooked. This review introduces and discusses lipid peroxidation and popular strategies employed to prevent or minimize peroxidation reactions during fatty acid analysis. Further, an in-depth examination of fatty acid stability during storage of blood is discussed in detail for all blood fractions including plasma/serum, erythrocytes and whole blood stored both in cryovials and on chromatography paper before discussing the associated mechanisms of degradation during storage. To our knowledge this is the first review of its kind and will provide researchers with the necessary information to confidently store blood samples for fatty acid analysis.