Tumor budding (TB) is a negative prognostic factor in colorectal cancer; however, its prognostic impact following neoadjuvant therapy for patients with rectal cancer remains unclear. This study aims to assess the prognostic impact of TB and the correlation between TB and other pathological features in patients with rectal cancer after neoadjuvant therapy.
A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus, CNKI, Wanfang, and ClinicalKey databases was conducted for studies on the prognosis of TB in rectal cancer after neoadjuvant therapy from the inception of the databases to January 2023, and the final literature included was determined using predefined criteria. Quality assessment of the studies included, extraction of general and prognostic information from them, and meta-analyses were carried out progressively.
A total of 11 studies were included, and the results of the meta-analysis showed that high-grade tumor budding (TB-1) increased the risk of poor 5-year disease-free survival (HR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.38-2.22, P < 0.00001), 5-year overall survival (HR = 1.77, 95% CI 1.21-2.59, P = 0.003), local recurrence (OR = 4.15, 95% CI 1.47-11.75, P = 0.007), and distant metastasis (OR = 5.36, 95% CI 2.51-11.44, P < 0.0001) in patients with rectal cancer after neoadjuvant therapy. TB-1 was significantly associated with poor differentiation and lymphatic, perineural, and venous invasion.
Tumor budding is significantly correlated with unfavorable prognosis and poor pathological characteristics following neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer. We anticipate more high-quality, prospective studies in the future to confirm our findings.
PROSPERO CRD42022377564.

Endometrial cancer (EC) is a common gynecologic malignancy, with a rising trend in related mortality rates. The assessment based on imaging examinations contributes to the preoperative staging and surgical management of EC. However, conventional imaging diagnosis has limitations such as low accuracy and subjectivity. Radiomics, utilizing advanced feature analysis from medical images, extracts more information, ultimately establishing associations between imaging features and disease phenotypes. In recent years, radiomic studies on EC have emerged, employing radiomic features combined with clinical characteristics to model and predict histopathological features, protein expression, and clinical prognosis. This article elaborates on the application of radiomics in EC research and discusses its implications.

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Here we present a rare case of breast cancer with both invasive ductal carcinoma and choriocarcinoma components in a 55-year-old woman. Firstly, the serum human chorionic gonadotropin level showed 15.9mIU/ml preoperatively. And adequate immunohistochemical tests were performed on the specimen. Secondly, High-throughput sequencing was performed to detect the molecular characteristics of the two components, respectively. Then, DNA short tandem repeat (STR) analysis confirmed the homology of the two components, indicating the somatic origin of choriocarcinoma components. Finally, the clinical course and pathological characteristics of the case were reviewed and a literature search for other cases was performed.

UNASSIGNED: Ductal carcinoma in situ with microinvasion (DCIS-MI) is defined as ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) with a microscopic invasive focus ≤1 mm in the longest diameter. The current literature is controversial concerning the clinical prognostic features and management of DCIS-MI. This narrative review described recently reported literature regarding the characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of it.
UNASSIGNED: Searching PubMed for relevant articles covering the period of 1982 to 2021 using the following terms by MeSH and free-word: breast cancer, microinvasion, DCIS, DCIS-MI, and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC).
UNASSIGNED: DCIS-MI tends to express more aggressive pathological features such as necrosis, HER2+, ER- or PR-, and high nuclear grade. The overall prognosis of DCIS-MI is typically good, however, some indicators such as young age, HR-, HER2+ and multimicroinvasive lesions, were associated with worse prognoses. And there are also conflicting results on the differences between the prognoses of DCIS-MI and DCIS or T1a-IDC. Postoperative chemotherapy and anti-HER2 therapy still have uncertain benefits and are more likely to be used to treat high-risk patients who are HR- orHER2+ to improve the prognosis.
UNASSIGNED: DCIS-MI has more aggressive pathological features, which may suggest its biological behavior is worse than that of DCIS and similar to early IDC. Although the overall prognosis of DCIS-MI is good, when making decisions about adjuvant therapy clinicians need to give priority to the hormone receptor status, HER2 expression and axillary lymph node status of patients, because these may affect the prognosis and treatment response.

(1) Background: Despite increasing recognition of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and kidney immune-related adverse events (IRAEs), no large-sample studies have assessed the pathological characteristics and outcomes of biopsy-proven kidney IRAEs. (2) Methods: We comprehensively searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane for case reports, case series, and cohort studies for patients with biopsy-proven kidney IRAEs. All data were used to describe pathological characteristics and outcomes, and individual-level data from case reports and case series were pooled to analyze risk factors associated with different pathologies and prognoses. (3) Results: In total, 384 patients from 127 studies were enrolled. Most patients were treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors (76%), and 95% presented with acute kidney disease (AKD). Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis/acute interstitial nephritis (ATIN/AIN) was the most common pathologic type (72%). Most patients (89%) received steroid therapy, and 14% (42/292) required RRT. Among AKD patients, 17% (48/287) had no kidney recovery. Analyses of pooled individual-level data from 221 patients revealed that male sex, older age, and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) exposure were associated with ICI-associated ATIN/AIN. Patients with glomerular injury had an increased risk of tumor progression (OR 2.975; 95% CI, 1.176, 7.527; p = 0.021), and ATIN/AIN posed a decreased risk of death (OR 0.164; 95% CI, 0.057, 0.473; p = 0.001). (4) Conclusions: We provide the first systematic review of biopsy-proven ICI-kidney IRAEs of interest to clinicians. Oncologists and nephrologists should consider obtaining a kidney biopsy when clinically indicated.

BACKGROUND: Thymic clear cell carcinoma is a rare mediastinal neoplasm, with only 25 reported cases to date. We report a case of a 45-year-old man with thymic clear cell carcinoma. We think imaging and laboratory tests may be helpful for differential diagnosis.
METHODS: A 45-year-old male was admitted to a local hospital for chest distress with cardiopalmus. CT showed a mediastinal mass. Laboratory examination results were all in the normal range. Histologically, the tumor cells had a clear cytoplasm, and immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for epithelial markers. We performed abdominal and pelvic CT and further examined serum levels of thyroxine, parathyroid hormone and AFP postoperatively, which were normal. The patient received postoperative radiotherapy, and CT showed left adrenal metastasis at 20 months after surgery.
CONCLUSIONS: Thymic clear cell carcinoma is a rare malignant neoplasm. Adrenal metastasis can occur. Patients undergo thymectomy with chemotherapy or with radiotherapy have better outcoming. Metastasis, direct invasion of parathyroid carcinoma and other primary tumors in the mediastinum should be excluded. Immunohistochemical markers, imaging and laboratory examination can help to exclude metastasis.

BACKGROUND: Angiosarcoma is a highly malignant soft-tissue sarcoma derived from vascular endothelial cells that mainly occurs in the skin and subcutaneous tissues. Small-intestinal angiosarcomas are rare, and the prognosis is poor.
METHODS: We reported a case of primary multifocal ileal angiosarcoma and analyze previously reported cases to improve our understanding of small intestinal angiosarcoma. Small intestinal angiosarcoma is more common in elderly and male patients. Gastrointestinal bleeding, anemia, abdominal pain, weakness, and weight loss were the common symptoms. CD31, CD34, factor VIII-related antigen, ETS-related gene, friend leukemia integration 1, and von Willebrand factor are valuable immunohistochemical markers for the diagnosis of small-intestinal angiosarcoma. Small-intestinal angiosarcoma most commonly occurs in the jejunum, followed by the ileum and duodenum. Radiation and toxicant exposure are risk factors for angiosarcoma. After a definite diagnosis, the mean and median survival time was 8 mo and 3 mo, respectively. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that age, infiltration depth, chemotherapy, and the number of small intestinal segments invaded by tumor lesions were prognostic factors for small intestinal angiosarcoma. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that chemotherapy and surgery significantly improved patient prognosis.
CONCLUSIONS: Angiosarcoma should be considered for unexplained melena and abdominal pain, especially in older men and patients with a history of radiation exposure. Prompt treatment, including surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy, is essential to prolonging patient survival.

UNASSIGNED: Asthma is a common chronic disorder of the airway, and its disability and mortality rates continue to increase each year. Due to the lack of an ideal treatment, asthma control in China remains unsatisfactory. Airway remodeling is the pathological basis for the eventual development of the fixed airflow limitation in asthmatic patients. Early diagnosis and the prevention of airway remodeling has the potential to decrease disease severity, to improve control, and to prevent disease expression.
UNASSIGNED: This article presents an overview. The literature was combed through via CNKi and PubMed according to the listed keywords. We considered Chinese and English original publications (basic science and clinical), reviews and abstracts of 21th Century.
UNASSIGNED: We review the pathological features and pathogenesis of, and the interventional treatment options for airway remodeling in asthmatic patients, emphasizing the importance of airway remodeling in asthma and providing novel insights into the prevention and control of asthma.
UNASSIGNED: Thus, there have been research advances in airway remodeling, especially in the areas of slowing down or reversing airway remodeling. As growing studies showed, treating airway remodeling is a promising strategy in preventing the occurrence and progression of asthma. Breakthroughs in these difficulties airway remodeling still facing will open up new avenues in the research and treatment of asthma.

BACKGROUND: Although various benign and malignant tumors can arise in nevus sebaceus (NS), the demographic and clinicopathological features of the secondary tumors vary among different published reports. The aim of this study was to obtain a better understanding of the features of tumors secondary to NS.
METHODS: A multicenter study was performed by reviewing patients diagnosed with NS from the Dermatology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University and Qijiang Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from 2010 to 2022. A literature review of case series of secondary tumors arising in NS was also conducted.
RESULTS: We retrospectively analyzed the literature on tumors secondary to NS published since 2000, with a total of 443 cases, and carefully studied cases of tumors arising in NS from multiple centers since 2010, with a total of 54 cases. There were 497 cases in this study; 90.3% were benign tumors (n = 449), and the rest were malignant tumors (9.7%, n = 48). Syringocystadenoma papilliferum was the most common benign tumor, followed by trichoblastoma and trichilemmoma. Basal cell carcinoma was the most common secondary malignant tumor to NS, followed by squamous cell carcinoma. Two of these cases developed metastasis. Secondary malignancies developed at an earlier age in Caucasians than in Hispanics and Asians.
CONCLUSIONS: The present study is the largest analysis of tumors secondary to NS. Racial differences were seen in secondary tumors to NS and may contribute to healthcare disparities between races.