优化生态管理的关键是研究景观的空间配置及其在景观尺度上的动态变化及其驱动机制。本研究选择赣江上游丘陵区生态红线区作为研究区。基于景观生态学理论和生物群落演化,采用多尺度耦合模型,并结合遥感(RS)和地理信息系统(GIS)技术,系统地研究了森林等关键景观生态系统的演变,补丁特征,多样性的变化。研究表明:(1)森林在研究区域中所占比例最大,其次是农田和草地;(2)生物群落在1986年至1995年之间趋于走向高潮,但在恢复之前,它在1995年至2005年之间走向回归演替;(3)研究区的特征是占主导地位的生态系统比例很高,其中大多数处于稳定的生态物种群的高潮,并通过生态廊道相连;(4)在1995年至2010年期间,大多数景观呈现碎片化趋势。然而,在2010年至2018年期间,森林斑块逐渐连接。优势景观的比例增加,景观均匀性降低。根据调查结果,我们提出了生态系统管理战略,包括加强作物管理,注重生态系统的自然恢复和大片土地的种植,勘探由于采矿活动引起的干扰,以及应用方法来减轻对生态系统的损害和优化。
The key to optimizing ecological management is to study the spatial configuration of the landscape and the dynamic changes and their driving mechanisms at the landscape scale. The ecological red line area in the hilly area of the upper reaches of the Ganjiang River was chosen as the research area in this study. Based on the theory of landscape ecology and the evolution of biological communities, a multiscale coupling model was adopted and combined with remote sensing (RS) and geographical information system (GIS) technologies to systematically study the evolution of key landscape ecosystems such as forests,
patch characteristics, and changes in diversity. The study revealed that: (1) forests represented the largest proportion in the study area, followed by croplands and grasslands; (2) the biological community tended to progress toward climax between 1986 and 1995, but then it moved toward regressive successions between 1995 and 2005 before recovering; (3) the study area was characterized by a high proportion of dominant ecosystems, most of which were at their climax with stable ecological species groups, and which were connected by ecological corridors; and (4) during the period from 1995 to 2010, most landscapes showed a trend of fragmentation. However, during the period from 2010 to 2018, the forest patches were gradually connected. The proportion of dominant landscapes increased, and the landscape uniformity was reduced. Based on the findings, we proposed an ecosystem management strategy that includes strengthening crop management, focusing on the natural restoration of the ecosystems and the cultivation of large patches, exploring disturbances due to mining activities, and applying methods to mitigate damage to and optimize the ecosystem.