目的:年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD)是发达国家老年人不可逆性失明的主要原因。尽管已知许多危险因素,AMD的发病机制尚不清楚。然而,氧化应激可能在AMD的发病过程中起着至关重要的作用。AMD的患病率越来越高,视力丧失的风险,干燥形式的有限治疗,昂贵的湿形式处理,和生活质量下降是导致考虑AMD可改变的危险因素的因素,比如营养。这是第一项描述饮食习惯之间关系的研究,捷克共和国的饮食营养摄入量和AMD。
方法:在这项研究中,共有93例AMD患者和58例无AMD和白内障的对照组参加。所有参与者都在布尔诺大学医院的眼科治疗诊所接受眼科检查。数据是在面对面访谈中使用预先测试的自我报告问卷收集的。通过18项半定量食物频率问卷(FFQ)评估食物消费频率。饮食营养素摄入量是根据24小时的回忆计算得出的。
结果:与对照组相比,AMD患者的豆类消费量明显较高,肉制品消费量较低,盐和咸产品。在男人中,我们发现饮酒量差异有统计学意义.病例组饮用酒精饮料的频率(中位数:每周2次)高于对照组(中位数:每月1-3次)。女性饮酒没有差异。与案例组相比,对照组的饮食能量摄入量明显较高(5,783.8vs.4,849.3kJ/天;p=0.002),蛋白质(65.3vs.52.3克/天;p=0.002),脂肪(57.6vs.49.4克/天;p=0.046),饱和脂肪酸(21.7vs.18.9克/天;p=0.026),碳水化合物(150.4vs.127.1克/天;p=0.017),膳食纤维(13.2vs.11.3克/天;p=0.044),维生素B2(1.0vs.0.9毫克/天;p=0.029),维生素B3(13.9vs.10.0毫克/天;p=0.011),泛酸(3.5vs.2.8毫克/天;p=0.001),维生素B6(1.3vs.1.0毫克/天;p=0.001),钾(1,656.5vs.1,418.0毫克/天;p=0.022),磷(845.4vs.718.7毫克/天;p=0.020),镁(176.5vs.143.0毫克/天;p=0.012),铜(1.0vs.0.8毫克/天;p=0.011),和锌(7.1vs.6.1毫克/天;p=0.012)从24小时回忆中计数。
结论:根据FFQ,AMD患者和对照组的饮食习惯相似.在案件组的男性中,我们发现有统计学意义的高饮酒量。根据24小时召回,对照组达到了推荐的饮食摄入量,而不是病例。与案例组相比,对照组的饮食能量摄入明显较高,蛋白质,脂肪,饱和脂肪酸,碳水化合物,膳食纤维,维生素B2,维生素B3,泛酸,维生素B6,钾,磷,镁,铜,和锌。
OBJECTIVE: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness among older adults in developed countries. Although many risk factors are known, the pathogenesis of AMD is still unclear. However, oxidative stress probably plays a vital role in the process of AMD. The increasing prevalence of AMD, risk of vision loss, limited treatment of dry form, expensive treatment of wet form, and decreased quality of life are factors that lead to considering modifiable risk factors of AMD, such as nutrition. This is the first study describing the relationship between dietary habits, dietary nutrient intake and AMD in the Czech Republic.
METHODS: In this research, a total of 93 cases with AMD and 58 controls without AMD and cataracts participated. All participants were ophthalmologically examined at the Clinic of Eye Treatments at the University Hospital Brno. Data were collected using a pre-tested self-report questionnaire in a face-to-face interview. Food consumption frequency was assessed by an 18-item semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Dietary nutrient intakes were calculated from a 24-hour recall.
RESULTS: Patients with AMD compared with controls had significantly higher consumption of legumes and lower consumption of meat products, salt and salty products. In men, we found statistically significant differences in alcohol consumption. The
case group consumed alcoholic beverages more frequently (median: 2 times a week) than the control group (median: 1-3 times a month). No differences in alcohol consumption were found in women. In comparison to the
case group, the control group had a significantly higher dietary intake of energy (5,783.8 vs. 4,849.3 kJ/day; p = 0.002), proteins (65.3 vs. 52.3 g/day; p = 0.002), fats (57.6 vs. 49.4 g/day; p = 0.046), saturated fatty acids (21.7 vs. 18.9 g/day; p = 0.026), carbohydrates (150.4 vs. 127.1 g/day; p = 0.017), dietary fibre (13.2 vs. 11.3 g/day; p = 0.044), vitamin B2 (1.0 vs. 0.9 mg/day; p = 0.029), vitamin B3 (13.9 vs. 10.0 mg/day; p = 0.011), pantothenic acid (3.5 vs. 2.8 mg/day; p = 0.001), vitamin B6 (1.3 vs. 1.0 mg/day; p = 0.001), potassium (1,656.5 vs. 1,418.0 mg/day; p = 0.022), phosphorus (845.4 vs. 718.7 mg/day; p = 0.020), magnesium (176.5 vs. 143.0 mg/day; p = 0.012), copper (1.0 vs. 0.8 mg/day; p = 0.011), and zinc (7.1 vs. 6.1 mg/day; p = 0.012) counted from a 24-hour recall.
CONCLUSIONS: According to FFQ, dietary habits in the patients with AMD and controls were similar. In men from the
case group, we found statistically significant higher alcohol consumption. According to a 24-hour recall, the controls achieved recommended dietary intakes rather than cases. In comparison to the
case group, the control group had a significantly higher dietary intake of energy, proteins, fats, saturated fatty acids, carbohydrates, dietary fibre, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, pantothenic acid, vitamin B6, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, copper, and zinc.