背景:惊恐发作和惊恐障碍会对经历这些疾病的人的心理健康和福祉产生重大影响。反复惊恐发作的人患精神障碍和现有精神障碍恶化的可能性增加。在发生惊恐发作时的早期干预措施可能会减少或防止其中一些相关的负面结果。2009年发布了针对高收入西方国家的专家共识指南,以指导如何为恐慌症发作提供心理健康急救。本研究旨在重新开发这些指南,以确保内容反映当前证据和最佳实践。
方法:使用德尔菲共识方法来确定重新开发的指南中应包括哪些帮助策略。使用2009年指南和对灰色和学术文献的系统搜索,开发了一项关于如何帮助患有恐慌症的人的调查。具有生活经验和专业经验的小组成员对这些项目进行了评级,以确定应将哪些帮助陈述纳入准则。
结果:30名小组成员完成了所有三项调查。小组成员评定了158份声明,83项声明符合纳入重新制定的准则的标准。认可的声明涵盖:第一助手应该知道的关于恐慌症发作,如果他们认为有人惊恐发作,应该怎么做,如果他们不确定这个人是否有恐慌症发作,他们应该怎么做,他们应该说什么,做什么,如果他们知道这个人是有恐慌症发作,他们应该做什么,当恐慌症发作已经结束。
结论:这项研究得出了一套比原始版本更全面的指南,在83项帮助行动的支持下,与之前的27相比。重新制定的指导方针提供了更多关于识别恐慌发作迹象的细节,提供初步援助,与经历恐慌症发作的人沟通,并在需要时支持他们寻求适当的专业帮助。该指南将用于未来的心理健康急救培训课程的更新。
BACKGROUND: Panic attacks and panic disorder can have a major impact on the mental health and wellbeing of those who experience them. People with recurrent panic attacks have increased odds of developing a mental disorder and of worsening the course of existing mental disorders. Early intervention efforts at the time that a panic attack occurs might reduce or prevent some of these associated negative outcomes. Expert
consensus guidelines for high income Western countries on how to provide mental health first aid for panic attacks were published in 2009. The present study aims to redevelop these
guidelines to ensure content reflects current evidence and best practice.
METHODS: The Delphi
consensus method was used to determine which helping strategies should be included in the redeveloped
guidelines. A survey with items on how to assist someone who is having a panic attack was developed using the 2009 guidelines and a systematic search of grey and academic literature. Panellists with lived experience and professional experience rated these items to determine which helping statements should be included in the guidelines.
RESULTS: Thirty panellists completed all three surveys. Panellists rated 158 statements, with 83 statements meeting the criteria for inclusion in the redeveloped guidelines. The endorsed statements covered: what the first aider should know about panic attacks, what they should do if they think someone is having a panic attack, what they should do if they are uncertain whether the person is having a panic attack, what they should say and do if they know the person is having a panic attack and what they should do when the panic attack has ended.
CONCLUSIONS: This study has resulted in a more comprehensive set of guidelines than the original version, with the endorsement of 83 helping actions, compared to 27 previously. The redeveloped guidelines provide greater detail on recognising the signs of a panic attack, providing initial assistance, communicating with someone experiencing a panic attack and supporting them to seek appropriate professional help if it is needed. The
guidelines will be used in future updates of Mental Health First Aid training courses.