OBJECTIVE: To describe the impact of the COVID-19 on the psychosocial health of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), spondyloarthritis (SpA), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
METHODS: Longitudinal observational study of a series of patients with rheumatic disease.
METHODS: The main outcome measure was impairment of the ability to participate in social activities, as measured using the PROMIS-APS instrument Short Form-8a. We evaluated social activities in various settings and performed a multivariate analysis to study the association between worsening of social participation during the COVID-19 pandemic and implicated factors.
RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-five patients had completed the prospective follow-up: 40 with AR (32%), 42 with SpA (33.6%), and 43 with SLE (34.4%). Overall, poorer mean PROMIS scores were recorded after the COVID-19 pandemic for: satisfaction with social roles (p=0.029), depression (p=0.039), and ability to participate in social activities (p=0.024). The factors associated with ability to participate in social activities after the COVID-19 pandemic were older age (β=-0.215; p=0.012), diagnosis of SLE (β=-0.203; p=0.015), depression (β=-0.295; p=0.003) and satisfaction with social roles (β=0.211; p=0.037).
CONCLUSIONS: The ability to participate in social activities after the COVID-19 pandemic is affected in patients with rheumatic disease, especially in SLE.

Background: Due to its high death toll and measures to curb the pandemic, COVID-19 has affected grieving experiences and may contribute to risk factors for Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD). Persons at risk for PGD often seek support from grief counselling.Objective: To explore whether pandemic-associated risk factors have become more important topics in counselling in a mixed-method design.Method: German grief counsellors (n = 93) rated whether pre-defined risk factors had become more important in grief counselling and indicated additional important themes in an open format.Results: The counsellors indicated that all pre-defined risk factors had become more important, though differing significantly in their frequency. Most frequently endorsed risk factors were lack of social support, limited possibilities to accompany a dying loved one and absence of traditional grief rituals. Qualitative analysis identified three additional themes: the societal impact of the pandemic, its impact on bereavement support and health care, and a chance for personal growth.Conclusions: The pandemic has affected bereavement experiences and grief counselling. Counsellors should monitor grief processes and specific risk factors to provide the best possible care for bereaved people when needed.
Pandemic-associated risk factors for PGD have become more important topics in grief counselling during COVID-19.Risk factors include especially a lack of social support, limited possibility to accompany a dying significant other and absence of traditional grief rituals.Future research is needed to investigate whether monitoring and addressing these risk factors can improve bereavement care.

BACKGROUND: Early empirical data shows that school-aged children, adolescents and adults are experiencing elevated levels of anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. Currently, there is very little research on mental health outcomes for young children.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the formation of a global collaboration entitled, \'COVID-19 Unmasked\'. The collaborating researchers aim to (1) describe and compare the COVID-19 related experiences within and across countries; (2) examine mental health outcomes for young children (1 to 5 years) and caregivers over a 12-month period during the COVID-19 pandemic; (3) explore the trajectories/time course of psychological outcomes of the children and parents over this period and (4) identify the risk and protective factors for different mental health trajectories. Data will be combined from all participating countries into one large open access cross-cultural dataset to facilitate further international collaborations and joint publications.
METHODS: COVID-19 Unmasked is an online prospective longitudinal cohort study. An international steering committee was formed with the aim of starting a global collaboration. Currently, partnerships have been formed with 9 countries (Australia, Cyprus, Greece, the Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Turkey, the UK, and the United States of America). Research partners have started to start data collection with caregivers of young children aged 1-5 years old at baseline, 3-months, 6-months, and 12-months. Caregivers are invited to complete an online survey about COVID-19 related exposure and experiences, child\'s wellbeing, their own mental health, and parenting.
METHODS: Primary study outcomes will be child mental health as assessed by scales from the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System - Early Childhood (PROMIS-EC) and caregiver mental health as assessed by the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21). The trajectories/time course of mental health difficulties and the impact of risk and protective factors will be analysed using hierarchical linear models, accounting for nested effects (e.g. country) and repeated measures.
Antecedentes: Los primeros datos empíricos muestran que los niños en edad escolar, los adolescentes y los adultos están experimentando niveles elevados de ansiedad y depresión durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Actualmente, hay muy poca investigación sobre los resultados de salud mental de los niños pequeños. Objetivos: Describir la formación de una colaboración global titulada ‘COVID-19 Desenmascarado’. Los investigadores colaboradores tienen como objetivos (1) describir y comparar las experiencias relacionadas con COVID-19 dentro y entre países; (2) examinar los resultados de salud mental de los niños pequeños (de 1 a 5 años) y los cuidadores durante un período de 12 meses durante la pandemia de COVID-19; (3) explorar las trayectorias/temporalidad de los resultados psicológicos de los niños y los padres durante este período e (4) identificar los factores de riesgo y de protección para las diferentes trayectorias de salud mental. Los datos de todos los países participantes se combinarán en un gran conjunto de datos transculturales de acceso abierto para facilitar más colaboraciones internacionales y publicaciones conjuntas. Métodos: COVID-19 Desenmascarado es un estudio de cohorte longitudinal prospectivo en línea. Se formó un comité directivo internacional con el objetivo de iniciar una colaboración global. Actualmente, se han formado asociaciones con 9 países (Australia, Chipre, Grecia, Países Bajos, Polonia, España, Turquía, Reino Unido y Estados Unidos de América). Los socios de investigación han comenzado la recopilación de datos con los cuidadores de niños pequeños de 1 a 5 años al inicio, a los 3 meses, a los 6 meses y a los 12 meses. Se invita a los cuidadores a completar una encuesta en línea sobre la exposición y las experiencias relacionadas con COVID-19, el bienestar del niño, su propia salud mental y parentalidad. Análisis de datos: Los resultados primarios del estudio serán la salud mental infantil según la evaluación de las escalas del Sistema De Información De medición de Resultados Informados Por El Paciente – Primera Infancia (PROMIS-EC) y la salud mental del cuidador según la evaluación de la Escala de estrés, ansiedad y depresión (DASS-21). Las trayectorias/temporalidad de las dificultades de salud mental y el impacto de los factores de riesgo y de protección se analizarán utilizando modelos lineales jerárquicos, teniendo en cuenta los efectos anidados (por ejemplo, el país) y las medidas repetidas.
背景: 早期经验数据表明, 在 COVID-19 疫情期间, 学龄儿童, 青少年和成人的焦虑和抑郁水平升高。目前, 关于幼儿心理健康结果的研究很少。 目的: 描述名为‘COVID-19 Unmasked’的全球合作的形成。合作研究者旨在 (1) 描述和比较国家内部和国家之间的COVID-19 相关经验; (2) 考查 COVID-19 疫情期间 12 个月中幼儿 (1 至 5 岁) 和看护人的心理健康结果; (3) 探索这一时期儿童和父母心理结果的轨迹/时间进程, 以及 (4) 确定不同心理健康轨迹的风险和保护因素。来自所有参与国的数据将合并为一个大型开放访问跨文化数据集, 以促进进一步的国际合作和联合出版。 方法: COVID-19 Unmasked 是一项线上前瞻性纵向队列研究。成立了一个国际指导委员会, 旨在开展全球合作。目前, 已与9个国家 (澳大利亚, 塞浦路斯, 希腊, 荷兰, 波兰, 西班牙, 土耳其, 英国和美利坚合众国) 建立了伙伴关系。研究合作伙伴已开始在基线, 3 个月, 6 个月和 12 个月时与 1-5 岁幼儿看护人的数据收集。邀请看护人完成一项关于 COVID-19 相关暴露和经历, 儿童身心健康, 个人心理健康和教养方式的线上调查。 数据分析: 主要研究结果将是根据患者报告结果测量信息系统——童年期早期 (PROMIS-EC) 的量表评估的儿童心理健康和由抑郁焦虑应激量表 (DASS-21) 评估的看护人心理健康。将使用考虑嵌套效应 (例如国家) 和重复测量的分层线性模型分析心理健康困难的轨迹/时间进程以及风险和保护因素的影响。.