目的:本概述的目的是调查有关计划家庭分娩的指南和实践的现状,并调查有关北欧国家计划家庭分娩的比较研究的可能性(丹麦,冰岛,挪威,芬兰和瑞典)。
方法:调查了有关家庭分娩和助产的国家文件以及有关计划家庭分娩管理和登记的建议。
结果:在4个纳入的国家发现了关于计划家庭分娩的指南。在丹麦,任何妇女都有权在家庭分娩期间由助产士照顾,每个县议会必须提出组织分娩服务的计划,包括家庭分娩服务。在挪威和冰岛,这项服务的全部或部分资金来自税收,并且有国家指导方针,但接生助产士的机会在地理上有所不同。在斯德哥尔摩县议会中,已经制定了公共资助计划家庭分娩的准则;对于瑞典其他地区,尚未制定任何国家准则,该服务由私人资助。
结论:北欧国家家庭分娩服务的不一致意味着妇女在首选的分娩地点上有不同的助产护理机会。统一的社会人口统计学,北欧国家的卫生保健系统和文化背景是有利于进一步研究的因素,以比较和汇总该地区计划家庭分娩的数据。由于国家登记册不足以涵盖计划的出生地,因此需要额外的数据收集。
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this
overview was to investigate the current situation regarding
guidelines and praxis for planned homebirths and also to investigate possibilities for comparative studies on planned homebirths in the Nordic countries (Denmark, Iceland, Norway, Finland and Sweden).
METHODS: National documents on homebirth and midwifery and recommendations regarding management and registration of planned homebirths in the included countries were investigated.
RESULTS: Guidelines regarding planned home birth were found in four of the included countries. In Denmark any woman has the right to be attended by a midwife during a homebirth and each county council must present a plan for the organization of birth services, including homebirth services. In Norway and Iceland the service is fully or partly funded by taxes and national
guidelines are available but access to a midwife attending the birth varies geographically. In the Stockholm County Council
guidelines have been developed for publicly funding of planned home births; for the rest of Sweden no national
guidelines have been formulated and the service is privately funded.
CONCLUSIONS: Inconsistencies in the home birth services of the Nordic countries imply different opportunities for midwifery care to women with regard to their preferred place of birth. Uniform sociodemography, health care systems and cultural context in the Nordic countries are factors in favour of further research to compare and aggregate data on planned home births in this region. Additional data collection is needed since national registers do not sufficiently cover the planned place of birth.