本文是对水系统中有机氯胺的当前知识的批判性回顾,包括他们的阵型,稳定性,毒性,检测的分析方法,以及它们对饮用水处理和质量的影响。术语有机氯胺可以指作为组合氯的一部分测量的任何卤代有机化合物(测量的游离氯浓度和总氯浓度之间的差异)。可能包括N-氯胺,N-氯氨基酸,N-氯醛亚胺和N-氯酰胺。当溶解的有机氮或溶解的有机碳与游离氯或无机氯胺反应时,可以形成有机氯胺。它们可能对人体有害,并可能作为其他消毒副产品的中间体存在。然而,由于许多挑战,关于水中有机氯胺的形成或发生的信息很少。水系统中有机氯胺的鉴定和定量的最大挑战之一是缺乏适当的分析方法。此外,消毒过程中形成的许多有机氯胺是不稳定的,这导致了采样和检测的困难。迄今为止,研究集中于有机一氯胺的研究。然而,考虑到断点氯化通常在水处理系统中进行,有机二氯胺的形成也应考虑。有机氯胺可以由许多不同的前体和途径形成。因此,研究其前体在水系统中的发生将能够更好地预测和管理其形成。
This paper is a critical
review of current knowledge of organic chloramines in water systems, including their formation, stability, toxicity, analytical methods for detection, and their impact on drinking water treatment and quality. The term organic chloramines may refer to any halogenated organic compounds measured as part of combined chlorine (the difference between the measured free and total chlorine concentrations), and may include N-chloramines, N-chloramino acids, N-chloraldimines and N-chloramides. Organic chloramines can form when dissolved organic nitrogen or dissolved organic carbon react with either free chlorine or inorganic chloramines. They are potentially harmful to humans and may exist as an intermediate for other disinfection by-products. However, little information is available on the formation or occurrence of organic chloramines in water due to a number of challenges. One of the biggest challenges for the identification and quantification of organic chloramines in water systems is the lack of appropriate analytical methods. In addition, many of the organic chloramines that form during disinfection are unstable, which results in difficulties in sampling and detection. To date research has focussed on the study of organic monochloramines. However, given that breakpoint chlorination is commonly undertaken in water treatment systems, the formation of organic dichloramines should also be considered. Organic chloramines can be formed from many different precursors and pathways. Therefore, studying the occurrence of their precursors in water systems would enable better prediction and management of their formation.