Oligella ureolytica is a Gram-negative bacillus, a member of the Alcaligenaceae family, that had never previously been reported as lethal. Herein, a case of fatal infection caused by Oligella ureolytica in an elderly woman with suspected bladder cancer is reported. The species identification was confirmed through Sanger sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA sequence and compared to published sequences for phylogenetic analysis. Initial antibiotic therapy with ceftriaxone and oxacillin was initiated but had to be switched due to resistance. Cefepime in combination with metronidazole was administered, unfortunately failing to prevent the patient\'s death. Further studies are needed to explore additional factors influencing clinical outcomes in Oligella ureolytica infections.

Oligella is a commensal bacteria genus of the human urinary tract that rarely precipitates clinical infections. We report the case of an asymptomatic 24-year-old male with a medical history of Tourette syndrome and the recent placement of deep brain stimulator leads, which were found to be co-infected with Oligella species during hardware implantation. This is the first reported case of a deep brain stimulator infection by Oligella, a potentially under-recognized and emerging opportunistic bacteria. We review the previously published cases of extra-genitourinary Oligella infections and detail the clinical management of this uncommon pathogen.

A case of Oligella ureolytica infection of a cervical lymph node is presented and previous cases of oligella infection reported in the literature are reviewed. Underlying malignancy and urinary tract obstruction were observed in many of the cases. All patients responded to antimicrobial therapy and, in those cases associated with urinary tract obstruction, surgical relief of the obstruction. The microbiology and clinical features of oligella infections are reviewed.