阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA),一种睡眠呼吸紊乱的形式,是一个重大的健康问题,导致大量的发病率。上呼吸道塌陷或阻塞,导致气流减少或停止,是睡眠呼吸暂停的病理生理学。这种情况被归因于许多心血管疾病,新陈代谢,和神经心理问题,并带来严重的健康问题。随之而来的间歇性缺氧和睡眠中断引发了一系列生理反应,有助于发展内皮功能障碍,全身性炎症,和氧化应激。以下治疗方案取决于睡眠呼吸暂停的适当诊断和根本原因。诊断的金标准是多导睡眠图(PSG),评估睡眠期间不同的生理参数。然而,因为多导睡眠监测是昂贵的,患者可以使用更友好的筛查和诊断测试套件,比如家庭睡眠呼吸暂停测试.临床症状和头颈部病史可能揭示了基本的危险因素。睡眠呼吸暂停管理治疗的主要目标是减轻症状,提高睡眠质量,并减少可能存在的任何健康问题。建议从改变生活方式开始,例如戒酒和使用镇静剂,减肥,经常锻炼。中度至重度睡眠呼吸暂停的主要治疗方法是持续气道正压通气(CPAP)治疗,其中包括在睡觉时使用加压空气来保持气道开放。口腔矫治器,位置疗法,手术,和补充疗法是其他治疗选择,可以适应每个病人的需求和偏好。审查的目的是评估上呼吸道的形态和功能方面,包括鼻子和喉咙,影响OSA的发病和严重程度。专注于耳鼻喉科医师之间的相互作用,睡眠医学专家,和其他医疗保健专业人员,我们的目标是考虑OSA如何影响耳鼻咽喉科相关的医疗问题,看看任何潜在的互惠关系,并对OSA的跨学科管理策略进行了总结。我们试图分析耳鼻咽喉科领域可用于OSA治疗的各种手术和非手术治疗方案,以改善OSA症状和结果。
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a form of sleep-disordered breathing, is a significant health concern that leads to substantial morbidity. The collapse or occlusion of the upper airway, which results in reduced or cessation of airflow, is the pathophysiology of sleep apnea. The condition has been attributed to numerous cardiovascular, metabolic, and neuropsychological issues and carries serious health concerns. The ensuing intermittent hypoxia and sleep disruption set off a chain of physiological reactions that aid in developing endothelial dysfunction, systemic inflammation, and oxidative stress. The following line of treatment depends on the appropriate diagnosis of sleep apnea and the underlying cause. The gold standard for diagnosis is polysomnography (PSG), which assesses different physiological parameters during sleep. However, because polysomnography is expensive, patients may use more friendly screening and diagnostic testing kits, like home sleep apnea testing. The clinical symptoms and head and neck history may reveal essential risk factors. The primary objectives of management treatments for sleep apnea are to lessen symptoms, enhance sleep quality, and reduce any health concerns that may be present. It is advised to start with lifestyle changes such as quitting alcohol and sedative use, losing weight, and exercising frequently. The primary treatment for moderate to severe sleep apnea is continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, which includes administering pressurized air to keep the airway open while you sleep. Oral appliances, positional therapy, surgery, and complementary therapies are other treatment choices that can be adapted to each patient\'s needs and preferences. The goal of the
review is to evaluate the morphological and functional aspects of the upper airway, including the nose and throat, that influence the onset and severity of OSA. With a focus on the interaction between otorhinolaryngologists, sleep medicine specialists, and other healthcare professionals, we aim to consider how OSA affects otorhinolaryngology-related medical issues, look at any potential reciprocal relationships, and provide a summary of the interdisciplinary management strategy for OSA. We tried to analyse the various surgical and non-surgical therapy options for OSA management available in the otorhinolaryngology field for improving OSA symptoms and results.