联合国评价委员会:马来西亚的粮食安全不仅在国家层面上引起了更多的关注,关注的是提高粮食的自给自足,而且在个人层面上也更加关注营养和健康。由COVID-19大流行引发的经济衰退使粮食和营养安全挑战成为更高的优先事项。在这项研究中,我们通过考虑两个重要因素来评估鼓励健康饮食计划的可行性,食物成本和营养摄入量,帮助在个人层面应对粮食和营养不安全的挑战。
UNASSIGNED:本研究使用了具有来自马来西亚成人营养调查报告的饮食摄入量数据的目标编程模型,以制定可在不增加食品成本的情况下改善营养质量的食品计划。缺少数据,如营养成分和食品价格,分别从现有的政府和非政府来源收集。基准营养素摄入量来自马来西亚膳食指南和马来西亚推荐营养素摄入量报告。而基准成本是通过将食品价格与膳食摄入量进行映射来估计的。还评估了更健康饮食的成本,以检查低收入人群饮食变化的可接受性。
UNASSIGNED:结果表明,在不改变膳食计划成本的情况下,合理的食物选择可以实现遵循国家膳食指南的更健康的饮食。更多的牛奶和蔬菜摄入量(更多的钙)和更少的海鲜和蛋制品摄入量(更少的蛋白质)将有助于提高饮食质量和获得更充足的营养。然而,对于粮食不安全和低收入人口来说,更健康的粮食计划所带来的成本仍然可能是沉重的负担。
UNASSIGNED:我们的结果表明,政策制定者应实施与收入相关的法律,以减少贫困并改善人口的饮食摄入量。需要更好的技能和教育带来的收入增长,以确保马来西亚的实际收入得到很好的维持,并增加以帮助低收入人口做出更好,更健康的食物选择。
UNASSIGNED: Food security is attracting more attention in Malaysia not only at the national level that concern toward the enhancement of food self-sufficiency but also at the individual level which concerns more on nutrition and health. The economic recession triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic has brought the food and nutrition security challenge to the higher priority. In this study, we assessed the feasibility of encouraging a healthy eating plan by taking into account two important elements, food cost and nutrient intake, to help tackle the food and nutrition insecurity challenges at the individual level.
UNASSIGNED: This study used a goal programming model with dietary intake data from Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey
reports to develop food plans that can improve nutrition quality without increasing food cost. Missing data, such as nutrient compositions and food prices, were collected separately from existing governmental and non-governmental sources. Benchmark nutrient intakes were derived from Malaysian Dietary Guidelines and Malaysian Recommended Nutrient Intakes
reports, whereas benchmark costs were estimated by mapping food prices to dietary intake. The cost of healthier diets was also assessed to examine the acceptability of dietary changes for the low-income population.
UNASSIGNED: The results showed that healthier diets following national dietary guidelines are achievable with reasonable food choices shift without changing the cost of meal plan. Greater intake of milk and vegetables (for more calcium) and smaller intake of seafood and egg products (for less protein) will contribute to raise diet quality and achieve more adequate nutrition. However, the cost attached to healthier food plan is still likely to be burdensome for the food-insecure and low-income population.
UNASSIGNED: Our results suggest that policymakers should implement income-relevant laws to cut poverty and improve the population\'s dietary intake. Income growth as a result of better skills and education is needed to ensure that the real incomes of Malaysian are well sustained, and increased to help low-income population make better and healthier food choices.