牙周炎是由遗传学和表观遗传学之间复杂的相互作用引起的,微生物因素,和主机响应。代谢组学分析反映了细胞或生物体的稳态生理平衡以及它们对环境刺激的动态代谢反应。
这篇文献系统综述旨在评估与牙龈炎或牙周健康个体相比,哪些低分子量代谢物更常见于牙周炎个体的生物体液中。
所有纳入的研究均采用非目标分析。分析了一种或多种生物流体,包括唾液(n=14),龈沟液(n=6),漱口水(n=1),血清(n=3)和血浆(n=1)。在至少两项独立研究中,通过NMR光谱或基于MS的代谢组学已鉴定出56种与牙周炎相关的主要代谢物。唾液是采样的主要生物流体。值得注意的是,在对唾液取样的所有研究中,检测到的56种代谢物中的14种被鉴定为主要代谢物。在研究中一致发现的大多数代谢物是氨基酸,有机酸和衍生物:乙酸,丙氨酸,丁酸盐,甲酸盐,GABA,乳酸,丙酸盐,苯丙氨酸和缬氨酸。它们在研究中被上调或下调,或者没有提到这些信息。主要代谢途径与苯丙氨酸有关,酪氨酸和色氨酸生物合成。在牙周炎患者中更常见的代谢物与宿主和微生物反应有关。需要未来的研究,他们应该遵循一些方法标准,以方便他们的比较。
Periodontitis is resulted from a complex interaction between genetics and epigenetics, microbial factors, and the host response. Metabolomics analyses reflect both the steady-state physiological equilibrium of cells or organisms as well as their dynamic metabolic responses to environmental stimuli.
This systematic
review of the literature aimed to assess which low molecular weight metabolites are more often found in biological fluids of individuals with periodontitis compared to individuals with gingivitis or periodontal health.
All the included studies employed untargeted analysis. One or more biological fluids were analyzed, including saliva (n = 14), gingival crevicular fluid (n = 6), mouthwash (n = 1), serum (n = 3) and plasma (n = 1). Fifty-six main metabolites related to periodontitis have been identified in at least two independent studies by NMR spectroscopy or MS-based metabolomics. Saliva was the main biological fluid sampled. It is noteworthy that 14 metabolites of the 56 detected were identified as main metabolites in all studies that sampled the saliva. The majority of metabolites found consistently among studies were amino acids, organic acids and derivates: acetate, alanine, butyrate, formate, GABA, lactate, propionate, phenylalanine and valine. They were either up- or down-regulated in the studies or this information was not mentioned. The main metabolic pathway was related to phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis. Metabolites more frequently found in individuals with periodontitis were related to both the host and to microorganism responses. Future studies are needed, and they should follow some methodological standards to facilitate their comparison.