三七是预防和治疗缺血性疾病最广泛使用的中草药。其主要活性成分是皂苷,包括人参皂苷Rb1、人参皂苷Rg1和三七皂苷R1等。本文综述了三七成分在脑缺血中的药理作用。三七皂苷在脑缺血病理生理学多尺度机制中诱导多种药理作用,包括抗炎活性,减少氧化应激,抗凋亡,抑制氨基酸兴奋毒性,减少细胞内钙超载,保护线粒体,修复血脑屏障,促进细胞再生。关于细胞再生,三七不仅促进神经干细胞的增殖和分化,而且还保护神经元,脑缺血中的内皮细胞和星形胶质细胞。总之,三七可能通过多种药理作用治疗脑血管疾病,最关键的需要进一步调查。
Panax notoginseng is the most widely used Chinese medicinal herb for the prevention and treatment of ischemic diseases. Its main active ingredients are saponins, including ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rg1, and notoginsenoside R1, among others. This
review provides an up-to-date overview on the pharmacological roles of P. notoginseng constituents in cerebral ischemia. The saponins of P. notoginseng induce a variety of pharmacological effects in the multiscale mechanisms of cerebral ischemic pathophysiology, including anti-inflammatory activity, reduction of oxidative stress, anti-apoptosis, inhibition of amino acid excitotoxicity, reduction of intracellular calcium overload, protection of mitochondria, repairing the blood-brain barrier, and facilitation of cell regeneration. Regarding cell regeneration, P. notoginseng not only promotes the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells, but also protects neurons, endothelial cells and astrocytes in cerebral ischemia. In conclusion, P. notoginseng may treat cerebrovascular diseases through multiple pharmacological effects, and the most critical ones need further investigation.