了解土地利用和水质的关系可能会强调地下水管理的影响。该研究设想对Ghaziabad地区的地下水资源进行针对土地利用的定性评估，在北方邦西部，印度。对于遇到土地利用对地下水质量的相对影响，已采用化学计量学分析来分配污染源。质量参数的整合，在信息熵指数建模中，隔离了质量类别，并根据可饮用性标准以及非致癌健康危害风险评估（HHRA）可视化了季节性适合性趋势。地下水资源的定性评价,随着空间分布，破译了污染的影响，特别是在地区的西部和西南部，并观察到与城市化地区人口稠密的住宅和工业用地使用类型的直接和间接排放/渗漏的联系。统计上显著的年度和季节性变化已被发现专门为EC，Mg2+,F-,Cd,Cr(总计),Ni,和推断可变浓度的铅，而土地利用类型在地下水水质中表现出不显著的变化。基于化学计量学的源分配和层次聚类分析（HCA）得出了盐碱化和溶解盐的富集，来自混合来源，并导致金属污染，即，主要来自人为来源。EWQI得出的信息从贫困到极端贫困类别代表了降低的可吸性，特别是对于位于Yamuna-Hindon洪泛区西部和南部地区的较少地点，对于有限的居民点，工业,城市化地区的农业。然而,大多数样本都属于优秀到良好的地下水质量，在北部和东北部（城市周边）地区推荐。非致癌性HHRA表明，大多数样本被归类为危险指数不安全值（HI>1），对女性和儿童来说，西南部金属地下水污染可能带来的健康危害风险，东方,和北部地区。
Understanding the nexus of land use and water quality can potentially underline the influences within the groundwater management. The
study envisages land use-specific qualitative assessment of the groundwater resources in Ghaziabad district, in western Uttar Pradesh, India. For encountering the relative impacts of land use on the groundwater quality, chemometric analysis has been employed to apportion the pollution sources. The integration of quality parameters, in the information entropy index modeling, has segregated the quality classes and visualized the seasonal suitability trends as per potability standards along with non-carcinogenic health hazard risk assessment (HHRA). The qualitative assessment of the groundwater resources, along with spatial distribution, has deciphered a polluting impact, specifically in western and south western parts of district, and observed the linkages with direct and indirect discharges/seepages from densely populated residential and industrial land use types localized in urbanized areas. Statistically significant annual and seasonal variations have been found exclusively for EC, Mg2+, F-, Cd, Cr(total), Ni, and Pb which inferred variable concentrations, whereas land use types showed a non-significant variation within groundwater quality. Chemometric-based source apportioning and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) have derived salinization and enrichment of dissolved salts, arising from mixed sources and contributes to metal pollution, i.e., mainly from anthropogenic sources. Information EWQI derived poor to extremely poor category represented degraded potability specifically for fewer sites located within western and southern parts on the Yamuna-Hindon flood plains for limited sites of residential, industrial, and agricultural in an urbanized region. However, majority of the samples fall under excellent to good groundwater quality, recommendable in the north and north-eastern (peri-urban) regions. Non-carcinogenic HHRA has shown that majority of the samples categorized under unsafe value for hazard index (HI > 1), for females and children and thus, presumed probable health hazard risk from metal groundwater pollution in south-western part, eastern, and northern regions.
