背景:甘草酸是甘草的主要活性成分。甘草和甘草酸诱发的高血压已被广泛报道,然而,甘草和甘草酸引起的高血压危象鲜为人知。
方法:本报告的病例是一名47岁的女性,由于原发性胆汁性胆管炎,每天服用225毫克甘草酸,持续3年。发现她的血压急剧升高,约为230/110mmHg,没有高血压病史,并被转诊至急诊科。
方法:低钾血症,高血压视网膜病变,在后续检查中发现肾病。由于没有确定高血压的其他危险因素,她被怀疑患有甘草酸诱导的假性醛固酮增多症。
方法:停用甘草酸。最初几天使用静脉注射硝普钠。出院后服用硝苯地平和厄贝沙坦,并在监督下逐渐减少剂量。
结果:自甘草酸停用后6个月,她停用了所有的抗高血压药物。重复测量后,她的血压约为110/60mmHg。她的血清钾和尿白蛋白/肌酐比率也恢复正常。
结论:甘草和甘草酸引起的假性醛固酮增多症引起的高血压已被广泛报道,然而,只有3例报告过量食用甘草可能导致高血压急症。这是甘草酸引起的高血压危象伴靶器官损害的首例病例。通过介绍这个案例,我们提醒临床医生对甘草酸诱导的高血压,可能导致医疗紧急情况的情况。
BACKGROUND: Glycyrrhizin is the main active component of licorice. Licorice and glycyrrhizin induced hypertension has been widely reported, yet licorice and glycyrrhizin induced hypertensive crisis has been rarely known.
METHODS: The
case of this report was a 47-year-old woman, who took 225 mg of glycyrrhizin daily for 3 years due to primary biliary cholangitis. She was found to have a dramatically elevated blood pressure of about 230/110 mmHg without a history of hypertension and was referred to the emergency department.
METHODS: Hypokalemia, hypertensive retinopathy, and nephropathy were found during the following work-up. Since no other risk factors of hypertension were identified, she was suspected to have glycyrrhizin induced pseudo-hyperaldosteronism.
METHODS: Glycyrrhizin was discontinued. Intravenous sodium
nitroprusside was used during the first few days. Nifedipine and irbesartan were taken after discharge, and the dosage was reduced gradually under supervision.
RESULTS: She stopped all the anti-hypertensive drugs 6 months since glycyrrhizin was stopped. Her blood pressure was about 110/60 mmHg after repetitive measurement. Her serum potassium and urine albumin/creatinine ratio were also normalized.
CONCLUSIONS: Licorice and glycyrrhizin induced hypertension due to pseudo-hyperaldosteronism has been widely reported, yet only 3 cases reported that excessive consumption of licorice could lead to hypertensive emergencies. This is the first
case that glycyrrhizin induced hypertensive crisis with target organ impairment. By presenting this
case, we remind clinicians of glycyrrhizin induced hypertension, a condition which could lead to medical emergencies.