The use of passive sampler systems is reviewed and discussed. These devices are able to determine both spatial and temporal differences in canopy exposure, as is demonstrated by their use in extensive monitoring of air-pollution exposure in forest health plots. Categorising forest health monitoring plots according to air-pollution exposure permits cause-effect analysis of certain forest health responses. In addition, passive sampling may identify areas affected by interaction between different gaseous pollutants. Passive samplers at the stand level can be used to resolve vertical profiles of ozone within the stand, and edge effects, which are important in exposure of understorey and ground flora. Recent case studies using passive samplers to determine forest exposure to gaseous pollutants indicate a potential for the development of spatial models on regional-, landscape-, and stand-level scales and the verification of atmospheric transport models.
The field of home health care is the focus of much attention as alternatives to institutionalization are sought. As a result, many types of organizations are now providing home care, health or otherwise, without the guidance of national standards similar to those found in accreditation models for care in an institutional setting. So that stakeholders in New Brunswick can be assured of the quality of the service it provides, the Extra-Mural Hospital has embarked upon the development of a review process which will, to some extent, follow established accreditation models.
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