This case report illustrates application of the Clinical Practice Guideline for Congenital Muscular Torticollis in a pediatric outpatient facility.
The infant was a 2-month-old baby presenting with congenital muscular torticollis. Application of each of the 16 action statements outlined in the Clinical Practice Guideline is detailed as related to the case.
All desired outcomes were achieved within 11 intervention sessions over a 16-week period.
This case illustrates application of the Clinical Practice Guideline and exemplifies how each action statement can be addressed without placing an undue time burden upon the therapist. The case resulted in changes to facility-wide clinical procedures to increase consistency of care as outlined in the Clinical Practice Guideline.

The importance of surface-EMG placement for development and interpretation of EMG-assisted biomechanical models is well established. Since MR has become a reliable noninvasive cervical spine musculoskeletal diagnostic tool, this investigation attempted to illustrate the anatomical relationships of individual cervical spine muscles with their paired surface-EMG electrodes. The secondary purpose of this investigation was to provide an MR cross-sectional pictorial and descriptive guideline of the cervical spine musculature. MR scans were performed on a healthy adult male subject from skull to manubrium of the sternum. Prior to scanning, MR safe markers were placed over neck muscles following surface EMG placement recommendations. Twenty-three neck muscles were traced manually in each of 267 scan slices. 3-D models of the neck musculoskeletal structure were constructed to aid with understanding the complex anatomy of the region as well as to identify correct EMG electrode locations and to identify muscles\' curved lines-of-action. 3D models of the MR-safe markers were constructed relative to the target muscles. Based on the findings of this study, muscle palpation and bony landmarks can be used to effectively identify appropriate surface EMG electrode locations to record upper trapezius, middle trapezius, semispinalis capitis, splenius capitis, levator scapulae, scalenus, sternocleidomastoid and hyoid muscles activities.

暂无摘要。

To systematically review the recent evidence on physical therapy (PT) diagnosis, prognosis, and intervention of congenital muscular torticollis to inform the update to the PT management of congenital muscular torticollis evidence-based clinical practice guideline.
From 2012 to 2017, 7 databases were searched for studies that informed PT diagnosis, prognosis, or intervention of infants and children with congenital muscular torticollis. Studies were appraised for risk of bias and quality.
Twenty studies were included. No studies informed PT diagnosis. Fourteen studies informed prognosis, including factors associated with presence of a sternocleidomastoid lesion, extent of symptom resolution, treatment duration, adherence to intervention, cervical spine outcomes, and motor outcome. Six studies informed intervention including stretching frequency, microcurrent, kinesiology tape, group therapy, and postoperative PT.
New evidence supports that low birth weight, breech presentation, and motor asymmetry are prognostic factors associated with longer treatment duration. Higher-level evidence is emerging for microcurrent intervention.

暂无摘要。

Answer questions and earn CME/CNE The American Cancer Society Head and Neck Cancer Survivorship Care Guideline was developed to assist primary care clinicians and other health practitioners with the care of head and neck cancer survivors, including monitoring for recurrence, screening for second primary cancers, assessment and management of long-term and late effects, health promotion, and care coordination. A systematic review of the literature was conducted using PubMed through April 2015, and a multidisciplinary expert workgroup with expertise in primary care, dentistry, surgical oncology, medical oncology, radiation oncology, clinical psychology, speech-language pathology, physical medicine and rehabilitation, the patient perspective, and nursing was assembled. While the guideline is based on a systematic review of the current literature, most evidence is not sufficient to warrant a strong recommendation. Therefore, recommendations should be viewed as consensus-based management strategies for assisting patients with physical and psychosocial effects of head and neck cancer and its treatment. CA Cancer J Clin 2016;66:203-239. © 2016 American Cancer Society.

BACKGROUND: Cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs) are electromyogram responses evoked by high-level acoustic stimuli recorded from the tonically contracting sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle, and have been accepted as a measure of saccular and inferior vestibular nerve function. As more laboratories are publishing cVEMP data, there is a wider range of recording methods and interpretation, which may be confusing and limit comparisons across laboratories.
OBJECTIVE: To recommend minimum requirements and guidelines for the recording and interpretation of cVEMPs in the clinic and for diagnostic purposes.
METHODS: We have avoided proposing a single methodology, as clinical use of cVEMPs is evolving and questions still exist about its underlying physiology and its measurement. The development of guidelines by a panel of international experts may provide direction for accurate recording and interpretation.
RESULTS: cVEMPs can be evoked using air-conducted (AC) sound or bone conducted (BC) vibration. The technical demands of galvanic stimulation have limited its application. For AC stimulation, the most effective frequencies are between 400 and 800 Hz below safe peak intensity levels (e.g. 140 dB peak SPL). The highpass filter should be between 5 and 30 Hz, the lowpass filter between 1000 and 3000 Hz, and the amplifier gain between 2500 and 5000. The number of sweeps averaged should be between 100 and 250 per run. Raw amplitude correction by the level of background SCM activity narrows the range of normal values. There are few publications in children with consistent results.
CONCLUSIONS: The present recommendations outline basic terminology and standard methods. Because research is ongoing, new methodologies may be included in future guidelines.

Dystonia in the neck region can be safely and effectively reduced with injections of Botulinum neurotoxin-A and B. People with idiopathic cervical dystonia have been studied the most. Benefits following injection include increased range of movement at the neck for head turning, decreased pain, and increased functional capacity (Class I evidence, level A recommendation). The evidence for efficacy and safety in patients with secondary dystonia in the neck is unclear based on the lack of rigorous research conducted in this heterogeneous population (level U recommendation). Psychometrically sound assessments and outcome measures exist to guide decision-making (Class I evidence, level A recommendation). Much less is known about the effectiveness of therapy to augment the effects of the injection (Class IV, level U recommendation). More research is needed to answer questions about safety and efficacy in secondary spastic neck dystonia, effective adjunctive therapy, dosing and favourable injection techniques.

The objective of the study was to establish guidelines for the application of fine-wire or needle electrodes in the semispinalis cervicis and semispinalis capitis muscles. First of all, measured data for the puncture angle and puncture depth of each muscle were determined in CT scans. Using a regression approach, a model relation of these data with the neck circumference was established. This made it possible to accurately determine the puncture angle and puncture depth on the basis of the known neck circumference. In a further step, the neck muscles of seven human cadavers were punctured with wires in order to check the workability of these guidelines. At the same time, the wires\' positions in relation to important structures (nerves, vessels) were studied. Both muscles can be punctured with a high degree of reliability. However, when puncturing the semispinalis cervicis muscle, one has to pass through a layer that contains vessels, nevertheless the risk of injury is regarded as very small. The technique enables intramuscular EMG measurements of the two muscles in manifold clinical problems.