利什曼病,最被忽视的热带病之一,是一种威胁生命的疾病,由寄生虫利什曼原虫donovani,在不发达国家普遍存在。全球90多个国家的3.5亿多人面临感染这种疾病的风险,目前每年死亡率为50000人。脂质体AmpB的给药,五价锑,和米替福新仍被认为是化疗方案的组成部分。抗利什曼虫药物由于其许多缺点而无法治疗利什曼病。这些包括有效性不足,毒性,不希望的副作用,耐药性,治疗持续时间,和成本。因此,需要克服常规疗法的局限性。纳米技术由于其体积小和独特的特点,在解决这些问题方面表现出了有希望的成果,例如提高生物利用度,低毒性,生物降解性,和靶向药物递送。这篇综述旨在强调过去五年来各种纳米药物递送系统(nDDS)在治疗利什曼病方面的最新进展。尽管nDDS的临床前结果已显示出利什曼病的有希望的治疗方法,他们的临床翻译需要进一步的研究。三个主要优先领域的进步-分子诊断,临床调查,知识传播和标准化是推动利什曼病领域走向转化成果的当务之急。
Leishmaniasis, one of the most overlooked tropical diseases, is a life-threatening illness caused by the parasite Leishmania donovani that is prevalent in underdeveloped nations. Over 350 million individuals in more than 90 different nations worldwide are at risk of contracting the disease, which has a current fatality rate of 50 000 mortalities each year. The administration of liposomal Amp B, pentavalent antimonials, and miltefosine are still considered integral components of the chemotherapy regimen. Antileishmanial medications fail to treat leishmaniasis because of their numerous drawbacks. These include inadequate effectiveness, toxicity, undesired side effects, drug resistance, treatment duration, and cost. Consequently, there is a need to overcome the limitations of conventional therapeutics. Nanotechnology has demonstrated promising outcomes in addressing these issues because of its small size and distinctive characteristics, such as enhanced bioavailability, lower toxicity, biodegradability, and targeted drug delivery. This
review is an effort to highlight the recent progress in various nanodrug delivery systems (nDDSs) over the past five years for treating leishmaniasis. Although the preclinical outcomes of nDDSs have shown promising treatment for leishmaniasis, further research is needed for their clinical translation. Advancement in three primary priority domains─molecular diagnostics, clinical investigation, and knowledge dissemination and standardization─is imperative to propel the leishmaniasis field toward translational outcomes.