维生素D缺乏和不足是一个公共卫生问题,低膳食维生素D摄入量是一个促成因素。澳大利亚的维生素D缺乏率为31%,在全球一些地区高达72%。虽然补充剂通常被规定为额外的阳光照射的替代方案,需要补充方法,包括基于食物的解决方案。然而,以食物为中心的膳食指南并不总是足以满足维生素D的需求.双孢蘑菇等食用蘑菇可以产生超过100%的维生素D建议(10μg/天,医学研究所)每75克(18微克)暴露于紫外线下,产生的维生素D2在烹饪和加工过程中表现出良好的稳定性。然而,蘑菇在饮食指南中被忽略为维生素D来源。我们的饮食模型显示,每周四次紫外线照射的纽扣蘑菇可以支持大多数澳大利亚成年人满足维生素D的建议,和紫外线照射的蘑菇已被发现增加维生素D缺乏个体的状态。虽然最近的证据表明维生素D2和维生素D3在生理活动方面存在一些差异,蘑菇中的维生素D2可以成为增加膳食维生素D摄入量的更大解决方案的一部分,以及公共卫生政策的重要重点。暴露于紫外线的蘑菇是解决澳大利亚和全球维生素D缺乏的战略工具包中的重要工具。卫生当局领导认可和推广蘑菇作为一种天然,素食主义者,安全,和可持续的维生素D食物来源。
Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency is a public health issue, with low dietary vitamin D intakes a contributing factor. Rates of vitamin D deficiency are 31% in Australia, and up to 72% in some regions globally. While supplementation is often prescribed as an alternative to additional sun exposure, complementary approaches including food-based solutions are needed. Yet, food-centric dietary
guidelines are not always adequate for meeting vitamin D needs. Edible
mushrooms such as Agaricus bisporus can produce over 100% of vitamin D recommendations (10 μg/day, Institute of Medicine) per 75 g serve (18 μg) on exposure to UV-light, with the vitamin D2 produced showing good stability during cooking and processing. However,
mushrooms are overlooked as a vitamin D source in dietary
guidelines. Our dietary modelling shows that four serves/week of UV-exposed button mushrooms can support most Australian adults in meeting vitamin D recommendations, and UV-exposed
mushrooms have been found to increase vitamin D status in deficient individuals. While recent evidence suggests some differences between vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 in physiological activities, vitamin D2 from mushrooms can be part of a larger solution to increasing dietary vitamin D intakes, as well as an important focus for public health policy.
Mushrooms exposed to UV represent an important tool in the strategic toolkit for addressing vitamin D deficiency in Australia and globally. Health authorities lead the recognition and promotion of mushrooms as a natural, vegan, safe, and sustainable vitamin D food source.