全球海带森林受到气候变化和局部人为影响的威胁。具有冷温带的物种,次极性,或者极地分布预计将在未来几十年经历范围收缩,海洋热浪等气候事件以及迅速收缩的冰川增加的淡水和沉积物输入可能会加剧这种情况。东北太平洋有着广泛的收获和种植海带的历史,商业,和其他用途,and,因此,海带丰度下降和分布变化将对该地区产生重大影响。我们对冷温带海带物种如何应对气候压力因素的理解存在差距,这限制了我们预测未来海洋中海带森林状况的能力。这阻碍了保护和管理工作。这里,我们进行了结构化的文献综述,以提供多种与气候相关的压力因素对东北太平洋海带森林的影响的综合。评估现有的知识差距,并建议潜在的研究重点。我们选择关注温度,盐度,泥沙负荷,随着气候变化的进展,光作为最有可能变化和影响海带的压力源。我们的结果揭示了现有文献中对研究温度影响的偏见,或温度与光的结合。其他压力源,特别是盐度和泥沙负荷,尽管高纬度地区的条件变化迅速,但受到的关注却少得多。此外,多个应激源研究似乎集中在海带孢子体上,我们有必要提高对海带微阶段如何受到压力源组合影响的理解。最后,缺乏研究实验性移植或选择性培养基因型对环境变化具有抵抗力的潜力的研究,这将对保护野生种群和海藻水产养殖业有用。
Kelp forests worldwide are threatened by both climate change and localized anthropogenic impacts. Species with cold-temperate, subpolar, or polar distributions are projected to experience range contractions over the coming decades, which may be exacerbated by climatic events such as marine heatwaves and increased freshwater and sediment input from rapidly contracting glaciers. The northeast Pacific has an extensive history of harvesting and cultivating kelps for subsistence, commercial, and other uses, and, therefore, declines in kelp abundance and distributional shifts will have significant impacts on this region. Gaps in our understanding of how cold-temperate kelp species respond to climate stressors have limited our ability to forecast the status of kelp forests in future oceans, which hampers conservation and management efforts. Here, we conducted a structured literature
review to provide a synthesis of the impacts of multiple climate-related stressors on kelp forests in the northeast Pacific, assess existing knowledge gaps, and suggest potential research priorities. We chose to focus on temperature, salinity, sediment load, and light as the stressors most likely to vary and impact kelps as climate change progresses. Our results revealed biases in the existing literature toward studies investigating the impacts of temperature, or temperature in combination with light. Other stressors, particularly salinity and sediment load, have received much less focus despite rapidly changing conditions in high-latitude regions. Furthermore, multiple stressor studies appear to focus on kelp sporophytes, and it is necessary that we improve our understanding of how kelp microstages will be affected by stressor combinations. Finally, studies that investigate the potential of experimental transplantation or selective cultivation of genotypes resilient to environmental changes are lacking and would be useful for the conservation of wild populations and the seaweed aquaculture industry.