目标:电子废物(电子废物)的不当处理和处置使工人和周围人群接触危险化学品,包括致残剂和致残剂.最近,围绕电子垃圾回收的大量文献已经增长,相关的化学品暴露和中间健康结果,包括DNA损伤.微核(MN)频率已被广泛用作生物标志物,以研究暴露于遗传毒性剂的人群中的DNA损伤。我们对已发表的研究进行了系统回顾,以评估电子废物暴露人群的DNA损伤,并进行了荟萃分析以评估电子废物暴露与DNA损伤之间的关联。
方法:根据系统评价和荟萃分析(PRISMA)报表清单的首选报告项目进行了系统评价和荟萃分析。从2000年1月至2020年12月以英文发表的研究电子废物暴露与DNA损伤之间关联的文章从以下三个主要数据库中检索:MEDLINE,ProQuest,还有Scopus.报道使用MN测定作为DNA损伤的生物标志物的研究包括在荟萃分析中。研究还报道了其他DNA损伤生物标志物,如染色体畸变,彗星测定生物标志物,8-羟基-2'-脱氧鸟苷(8-OHdG),端粒长度,凋亡率使用叙事合成报告。
结果:这篇综述共包括20篇出版物,其中七项研究属于职业环境,其余13项为生态学研究。该综述发现了六种DNA损伤的生物标志物(微核,彗星测定参数(尾巴长度,%尾DNA,尾矩,和橄榄尾巴时刻),8-OHdG,端粒长度,凋亡率和染色体畸变),使用七个不同的生物基质(口腔细胞,血,脐带血,胎盘,尿液和精液)。大多数研究表明,电子废物暴露人群中的DNA损伤生物标志物水平高于对照人群。最常用的生物标志物是外周血淋巴细胞或口腔细胞中的微核频率(n=9)和尿液中的8-OHdG(n=7)。荟萃分析的结果表明,电子废物回收利用MN频率测量的DNA损伤风险增加,基于865名参与者的标准化平均差(SMD)的汇总估计值为2.30(95%CI:1.36,3.24,p<0.001)。
结论:综合来看,本系统综述和荟萃分析的证据表明,职业性和非职业性电子废物处理暴露与通过MN测定和其他类型的DNA损伤生物标志物测量的DNA损伤风险增加相关.然而,来自非洲其他发展中国家的更多研究,拉丁美洲,南亚需要确认和增加这些结果的普遍性。
OBJECTIVE: Inappropriate processing and disposal of electronic waste (e-waste) expose workers and surrounding populations to hazardous chemicals, including clastogens and aneugens. Recently, considerable literature has grown around e-waste recycling, associated chemical exposures and intermediate health outcomes, including DNA damage. Micronuclei (MN) frequency has been widely used as a biomarker to investigate DNA damage in human populations exposed to genotoxic agents. We conducted a systematic
review of published studies to assess DNA damage in e-waste-exposed populations and performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the association between e-waste exposure and DNA damage.
METHODS: This systematic
review with meta-analysis was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement checklist. Articles published in English from January 2000 through December 2020 investigating the associations between e-waste exposure and DNA damage were retrieved from the following three major databases: MEDLINE, ProQuest, and Scopus. Studies that reported the use of MN assay as a biomarker of DNA damage were included for meta-analysis. Studies that also reported other DNA damage biomarkers such as chromosomal aberrations, comet assay biomarkers, 8-hydroxy-2\'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), telomere length, apoptosis rate were reported using narrative synthesis.
RESULTS: A total of 20 publications were included in this
review, of which seven studies were within the occupational setting, and the remaining 13 studies were ecological studies. The
review found six biomarkers of DNA damage (micronuclei, comets assay parameters (tail length, % tail DNA, tail moment, and olive tail moment), 8-OHdG, telomere length, apoptosis rate and chromosomal aberrations) which were assessed using seven different biological matrices (buccal cells, blood, umbilical cord blood, placenta, urine and semen). Most studies showed elevated levels of DNA damage biomarkers among e-waste exposed populations than in control populations. The most commonly used biomarkers were micronuclei frequency (n=9) in peripheral blood lymphocytes or buccal cells and 8-OHdG (n=7) in urine. The results of the meta-analysis showed that electronic waste recycling has contributed to an increased risk of DNA damage measured using MN frequency with a pooled estimate of the standardized mean difference (SMD) of 2.30 (95% CI: 1.36, 3.24, p<0.001) based on 865 participants.
CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, evidence from this systematic
review with meta-analysis suggest that occupational and non-occupational exposure to e-waste processing is associated with increased risk of DNA damage measured through MN assay and other types of DNA damage biomarkers. However, more studies from other developing countries in Africa, Latin America, and South Asia are needed to confirm and increase these results\' generalizability.