海藻酸盐是一种天然生物聚合物,由于其生物相容性而被广泛用于药物应用。低毒性,和温和的凝胶化能力。这篇综述总结了用于靶向药物递送的基于藻酸盐的包封系统的最新进展。海藻酸盐配方,如微粒,纳米粒子,微凝胶,和通过包括离子凝胶化在内的方法制造的复合材料,乳化,喷雾干燥,冷冻干燥可以实现定制的药物装载,增强稳定性,和持续释放动力学。通过喷雾干燥或离子凝胶化制备的藻酸盐微球提供胃保护和口服递送药物的结肠靶向释放。海藻酸盐纳米颗粒通过增强的渗透和保留效应表现出增强的细胞摄取和肿瘤靶向能力。交联的藻酸盐微凝胶允许高药物负载和受控释放曲线。复合海藻酸盐与纤维素凝胶,壳聚糖,或无机纳米材料显示改善的机械性能,粘膜粘连,和可调的释放动力学。含有抗微生物纳米颗粒的基于藻酸盐的伤口敷料通过持续的局部递送促进烧伤和慢性伤口的愈合。尽管藻酸盐作为药物赋形剂已被公认,在人体试验之前,需要更广泛的体内试验来评估新出现的制剂的临床安全性和有效性.未来的机会包括结合刺激响应性的工程系统,主动靶向,和诊断能力。总之,这篇综述讨论了海藻酸盐口腔包封技术的最新进展,透皮,和静脉注射,重点是能够靶向和持续释放药物以增强治疗效果的方法。
Alginate is a natural biopolymer widely studied for pharmaceutical applications due to its biocompatibility, low toxicity, and mild gelation abilities. This
review summarizes recent advances in alginate-based encapsulation systems for targeted drug delivery. Alginate formulations like microparticles, nanoparticles,
microgels, and composites fabricated by methods including ionic gelation, emulsification, spray drying, and freeze drying enable tailored drug loading, enhanced stability, and sustained release kinetics. Alginate microspheres prepared by spray drying or ionic gelation provide gastric protection and colon-targeted release of orally delivered drugs. Alginate nanoparticles exhibit enhanced cellular uptake and tumor-targeting capabilities through the enhanced permeation and retention effect. Crosslinked alginate
microgels allow high drug loading and controlled release profiles. Composite alginate gels with cellulose, chitosan, or inorganic nanomaterials display improved mechanical properties, mucoadhesion, and tunable release kinetics. Alginate-based wound dressings containing antimicrobial nanoparticles promote healing of burns and chronic wounds through sustained topical delivery. Although alginate is well-established as a pharmaceutical excipient, more extensive in vivo testing is needed to assess clinical safety and efficacy of emerging formulations prior to human trials. Future opportunities include engineered systems combining stimuli-responsiveness, active targeting, and diagnostic capabilities. In summary, this
review discusses recent advances in alginate encapsulation techniques for oral, transdermal, and intravenous delivery, with an emphasis on approaches enabling targeted and sustained drug release for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.