UNASSIGNED: This study aims to discuss the clinical manifestations and treatment of Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) caused by a mutation in the UNC13D gene.
UNASSIGNED: A 6-year-old female child presented with unexplained febricity, splenomegaly, pancytopenia, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in bone marrow, decreased NK cell activity, soluble CD25 levels > 44000ng/ml. Genetic sequencing revealed a mutation in the UNC13D gene. Additionally, the patient experienced intermittent fever with seizures characterized by involuntary twitching of the left upper limb. Head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed white matter lesions.
UNASSIGNED: According to the HLH-2004 diagnostic criteria revised by the International Society of Histiocytosis the patient was diagnosed with FHL. Despite receiving HLH-2004 treatment, the disease relapsed. However, after a salvage allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT), febricity, abnormal blood cells, and neurological symptoms significantly improved.
UNASSIGNED: Prompt performance of allogeneic HSCT is crucial upon diagnosis of FHL, especially when neurological involvement is present.

BACKGROUND: Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is a common pregnancy complication that brings great pain to pregnant women and their families. Genetic factors are an important cause reason of RPL. However, clinical research on monogenic diseases with recurrent miscarriage is insufficient.
METHODS: Here we reported a Chinese family with RPL and genetic analysis of the abortion and parents. A paternally inherited heterozygous missense variant c.1415T > G (p.V472G) and a maternally inherited heterozygous nonsense variant c.2314del (p.M772*) in TMEM67 gene were identified by trio-exome sequencing. c.2314del (p.M772*) generated a premature stop codon and truncated protein, was classified as \"pathogenic\". c.1415T > G (p.V472G) located in extra-cellular region, was classified as \"likely pathogenic\". Biallelic variants in TMEM67 gene cause lethal Meckel syndrome 3, consistent with the proband\'s prenatal phenotype.
CONCLUSIONS: The current study of the Chinese family expands the pathogenic variant spectrum of TMEM67 and emphasizes the necessity of exome sequencing in RPL condition.

间变性淋巴瘤激酶（ALK）重排的肾细胞癌是第5版WHO肾肿瘤分类中新定义的一种与分子改变相关的肾细胞癌。ALK基因有多种融合伴侣。本文报道了1例罕见的伴肺转移的STRN：：ALK基因融合的肾细胞癌，根据其典型的病理组织学形态、免疫组织化学特征和分子遗传学改变明确诊断。.

Morvan\'s syndrome is a rare, complex autoimmune syndrome comprising peripheral nerve hyperexcitability, dysautonomia, insomnia, and encephalopathy. In this case report, we highlight the clinical and pathological findings of an elderly gentleman who presented to us with clinical features of Morvan\'s syndrome associated with anti-contactin-associated protein 2 (CASPR-2) antibodies. Histopathology [Figure 3] revealed cortical atrophy with gliosis and mild microglial proliferation. Microglial activation and gliosis were observed in the hippocampus, hypothalamus, and thalamus. Brainstem showed multifocal inflammation. Mild inflammation was observed in the leptomeninges. Morvan\'s syndrome is an autoimmune disease with antibodies targeted against CASPR within the voltage-gated potassium channel (VGKC) complex. Early diagnosis and treatment play a key role in the management of patients. Most patients show a good response when treated with plasmapheresis and steroids. This patient presented to us late into the illness and succumbed.

Mesenter ic p anniculitis (MP) is a b enign infla mmatory condi tion of the abdomin al mesentery, whi ch presents with a wid e variety of symptoms. I t is diagnosed non - invasively through com puted to mography (CT ) scan, whereas biopsy is still co nside red th e gold standa rd. Steroids are the first line of treatment. Here, we report four cases who presented with abdominal pain. These patients were overweight and the CT scan findings were suggestive of mese nte ric panniculitis. Three cases had concomitant non- alcoholic steatohep atitis w ith el evated alanine transaminase levels, dyslipidaemia, and insulin resistance. FibroSca n showed moderate to severe steatosis. PNPLA3 rs738409 genotype was homozygous positive (GG) in one patient, whereas two patients were heterozygous positive (CG ). This a ssociat io n has not been well-described so far and w arrants f ur ther inve s tigation. There may be some common predisposing factors.

BACKGROUND: Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) onset in the fetal and neonatal periods is sporadic, and infants are susceptible to intrauterine death. Early and accurate diagnosis and treatment are the keys to preventing complications and death in FHL patients due to the complex and diverse clinical manifestations of the disease.
METHODS: We report a rare case of a preterm infant with a low birth weight of 2,010 g and a gestational age of 32 + 4 weeks who presented with a leaky syndrome similar to sepsis after birth. Anti-infective, other support, and symptomatic treatments were not effective. Bone marrow examination results on day 13 suggested hemophago-cytosis.
RESULTS: Various compound heterozygous UNC13D genes were found by exome sequencing, which confirmed the diagnosis of FHL type 3. Genetic variants of this locus have never been reported in the literature.
CONCLUSIONS: Neonatal onset FHL is challenging to diagnose, especially in premature infants. It is necessary to complete exome sequencing if the patient has no apparent pathogen infection or effective treatment.

暂无摘要。

UNASSIGNED: To highlight the challenges in diagnosing 46, XY disorder of sex development related to MYRF mutation.
UNASSIGNED: We present an unusual case of a 12-year-old female child came for enlargement of clitoris and initially diagnosed as partial androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS).
UNASSIGNED: On examination, the patient\'s vulva was found virilized with 3cm-long clitoris. Her peripheral blood karyotype was 46, XY. The ultrasound showed an empty pelvis and hormone results confirmed hyperandrogenism. Therefore, the partial AIS was suspected, but the following whole exon sequencing indicates a pathological missense mutation in MYRF. Further investigation and surgery did not reveal any brain, heart, lung or diaphragm lesions related to MYRF, but only maldeveloped internal genitalia and a persistent urachus. Her serum testosterone dropped to normal after surgical removal of the remaining ipsilateral testis and epididymitis without spermatogenesis as shown by pathology.
UNASSIGNED: Due to the karyotype, hyperandrogenism, empty pelvis but a virilism after puberty, the patient was initially diagnosed as partial AIS. This misleading clinical diagnose will not be verified as the MYRF mutation if without the whole exon sequencing, particularly in the absence of obvious brain, heart, lung and diaphragm lesions as in this case.

患儿　男，11月龄，因“抬头不稳、反应差8个月”入院，表现为抬头不稳、反应能力差、发育停滞、抽搐发作，患儿肝功能异常，父母为近亲婚配，基因检查示c.493G>C纯合变异，分别来源于表型正常父亲和母亲，临床确诊“Zellweger综合征”，予护肝、抗癫痫等治疗，好转出院。.

Single-particle cryo-electron microscopy has become a widely adopted method in structural biology due to many recent technological advances in microscopes, detectors and image processing. Before being able to inspect a biological sample in an electron microscope, it needs to be deposited in a thin layer on a grid and rapidly frozen. The VitroJet was designed with this aim, as well as avoiding the delicate manual handling and transfer steps that occur during the conventional grid-preparation process. Since its creation, numerous technical developments have resulted in a device that is now widely utilized in multiple laboratories worldwide. It features plasma treatment, low-volume sample deposition through pin printing, optical ice-thickness measurement and cryofixation of pre-clipped Autogrids through jet vitrification. This paper presents recent technical improvements to the VitroJet and the benefits that it brings to the cryo-EM workflow. A wide variety of applications are shown: membrane proteins, nucleosomes, fatty-acid synthase, Tobacco mosaic virus, lipid nanoparticles, tick-borne encephalitis viruses and bacteriophages. These case studies illustrate the advancement of the VitroJet into an instrument that enables accurate control and reproducibility, demonstrating its suitability for time-efficient cryo-EM structure determination.