结块性皮肤病(LSD)是由结块性皮肤病病毒(LSDV)引起的病毒性疾病,Capropoxvirus的成员,痘病毒科的一个属。这是一种具有货币意义的跨界感染,主要影响水牛和牛。众所周知,LSD曾经在非洲的撒哈拉地区流行,但后来在中亚和巴基斯坦的邻国报道,印度,伊朗和中国。这是一种媒介传播的疾病,节肢动物被认为是主要的肇事者。它的高发病率和低死亡率是显而易见的。皮肤上的特征性肿块和高烧被认为是主要迹象,同时产奶量减少,不孕症,早期胚胎死亡和厌食是该病的一些突出临床表现。此外,口咽部粘膜结节,udder,检查时通常观察生殖器和直肠。本文总结了过去十五年来亚洲各地的LSD爆发。兽医界普遍一致认为,疾病在巴基斯坦是地方病,因为它与印度接壤,据报道,伊朗和中国最近爆发了疫情。历史上,巴基斯坦没有LSD,然而,随着邻近地区的流行,LSDV爆发的风险很高。疫苗接种,严格的检疫措施,限制牲畜的移动以及媒介控制可以有效地防止疾病的传播。这篇综述旨在总结LSD流行病学的最新进展,重点是跨界传播。可能的出现和对巴基斯坦的经济影响。
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a viral disease caused by lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), a member of Capripoxvirus, genus of Poxviridae family. It is a transboundary infection of monetary significance that primarily affects water buffaloes and cattle. LSD was known to be once endemic in Saharan regions of Africa but later on reported in central Asian and neighboring countries of Pakistan like, India, Iran and China. It is a vector borne disease and arthropods are believed to be the main perpetrators. It is discernible by its high morbidity and low mortality. Characteristic lumps on skin and high fever are considered as major signs while reduced milk production, infertility, early embryonic death and anorexia are some of the salient clinical manifestations of the disease. Additionally, nodules on mucosa of oro-pharynx, udder, genitalia and rectum are usually observed on examination. This article summarizes LSD outbreaks across Asia during last fifteen years. It is a general consensus amongst the veterinary community that disease is endemic in Pakistan as it shares borders with India, Iran and China where recent outbreaks are reported. Historically Pakistan is free of LSD, however it is at high risk of a LSDV outbreak as neighboring regions are becoming endemic. Vaccination, strict quarantine measures, limited movement of livestock along with vector control could be effective for preventing the spread of the disease. This
review aims to summarize the latest developments in the epidemiology of LSD with the focus on transboundary spread, possible emergence and economic implications on Pakistan.