虾业的集约化,也称为垂直扩展,主要是由全球疾病暴发的连续发生率驱动的,对主要生产国造成了巨大的经济损失。越来越多的虾养殖业选择使用密度更高的生产系统,生物安全,和操作控制,以减轻疾病带来的风险。然而,成功的超密集型虾生产依赖于对养殖系统中许多重要的生物和经济参数的深入理解,加上有效的监测,保持最佳生产。与传统的大规模或半密集型系统相比,超密集型系统需要更高的饲料投入,能源,劳动,和补充。这些系统对这些不同投入之间的相互作用高度敏感,并要求仔细平衡农业的生物和经济参数以确保成功。还需要推进营养知识和工具,以支持在这些高成本超密集型系统中持续有效地生产虾。为这些具有挑战性的超密集型环境开发育种系的育种计划至关重要。了解生产系统关键领域之间的协同作用,营养,和育种对于超集约化农业至关重要,因为所有三个地区都会合并以影响虾的健康和商业养殖的成功。本文回顾了凡纳滨对虾在生产系统中使用的当前策略和创新,营养,和繁殖,并讨论了这些领域的协同作用,这些协同作用可以支持在超密集系统中生产健康和高质量的虾。最后,我们简要讨论了与超集约化对虾养殖业相关的社会许可的一些关键问题。
Intensification of the shrimp sector, also referred to as vertical expansion, has been predominately driven by consecutive incidences of global disease outbreaks, which have caused enormous economic loss for the main producer countries. A growing segment of the shrimp farming industry has opted to use production systems with higher density, biosecurity, and operating control to mitigate the risks posed by disease. However, successful super-intensive shrimp production is reliant on an advanced understanding of many important biological and economic parameters in the farming system, coupled with effective monitoring, to maintain optimal production. Compared to traditional extensive or semi-intensive systems, super-intensive systems require higher inputs of feed, energy, labor, and supplements. These systems are highly sensitive to the interactions between these different inputs and require that the biological and economical parameters of farming are carefully balanced to ensure success. Advancing nutritional knowledge and tools to support consistent and efficient production of shrimp in these high-cost super-intensive systems is also necessary. Breeding programs developing breeding-lines selected for these challenging super-intensive environments are critical. Understanding synergies between the key areas of production systems, nutrition, and breeding are crucial for super-intensive farming as all three areas coalesce to influence the health of shrimp and commercial farming success. This article reviews current strategies and innovations being used for Litopenaeus vannamei in production systems, nutrition, and breeding, and discusses the synergies across these areas that can support the production of healthy and high-quality shrimp in super-intensive systems. Finally, we briefly discuss some key issues of social license pertinent to the super-intensive shrimp farming industry.