背景:儿童的言语和语言延迟会导致社交互动问题,注意困难,阅读和阅读能力下降,认知和行为发育不良。尽管埃塞俄比亚的言论和语言延误越来越普遍,缺乏有关导致这种延迟的因素的文献。因此,这项研究旨在确定亚的斯亚贝巴Yekatit12医院12个月至12岁儿童的言语和语言延迟的决定因素,埃塞俄比亚。
方法:我们在Yekatit12医院进行了一项基于机构的研究,无匹配的病例对照研究,包括50例病例和100例12个月至12岁的对照。使用面试官管理的问卷从参与儿童的父母或照顾者那里收集数据。EpiInfov7用于样本计算,采用SPSSv26进行分析。进行卡方检验以确定言语和语言延迟之间的关系以及确定因素,然后进行逻辑回归。根据调整后的优势比(AOR)确定显著的决定因素,95%CI和p值(<0.05)。
结果:病例组男性23例,女性27例,共50名儿童。完成多变量分析后,出生窒息[AOR=4.58,95CI(1.23-16.99)],奶瓶喂养[AOR=4.54,95CI(1.29-16.04)],母子分离[AOR=2.6,95CI(1.05-6.43)],多语种家庭[AOR=2.31,95CI(1.03-5.18)],和屏幕时间大于2小时[AOR=3.06,95CI(1.29-7.28)]被发现是言语和语言延迟的统计学显著决定因素。
结论:我们的研究发现出生窒息,奶瓶喂养,母子分离,来自多语种家庭,过多的屏幕时间会显著导致语音和语言延迟。因此,重要的是制定针对这些可改变因素的干预措施,同时确保早期诊断和治疗方案易于获得。
BACKGROUND: Speech and language delay among children can result in social interaction problems, attention difficulties, decreased writing and reading abilities, and poor cognitive and behavioral development. Despite the mounting prevalence of speech and language delays in Ethiopia, there is a lack of literature addressing the factors contributing to this delay. Consequently, this study aims to identify determinants of speech and language delay among children aged 12 months to 12 years at Yekatit 12 Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
METHODS: We conducted an institutional-based at Yekatit 12 Hospital, unmatched
case-control study with 50 cases and 100 controls aged 12 months to 12 years. Interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to collect data from the parents or caregivers of the participating children. Epi Info v7 was used for sample calculation, and SPSS v26 was used for analysis. The chi-square test was performed to determine the relationship between speech and language delay and determining factors, which was then followed by logistic regression. The significant determining factors were identified based on the adjusted odds ratio (AOR), with a 95% CI and p-value (< 0.05).
RESULTS: Case group constituted 23 males and 27 females, totaling 50 children. Upon completing the multivariate analysis, birth asphyxia [AOR = 4.58, 95CI (1.23-16.99)], bottle-feeding [AOR = 4.54, 95CI (1.29-16.04)], mother-child separation [AOR = 2.6, 95CI (1.05-6.43)], multilingual family [AOR = 2.31, 95CI (1.03-5.18)], and screen time greater than two hours [AOR = 3.06, 95CI (1.29-7.28)] were found to be statistically significant determinants of speech and language delay.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study found that birth asphyxia, bottle-feeding, mother-child separation, being from a multilingual family, and excessive screen time contribute significantly to speech and language delay. As a result, it is important to develop interventions that target these modifiable factors, while also ensuring that early diagnosis and treatment options are readily accessible.