Resilience assessment for urban drainage systems is a fundamental aspect of building resilient cities. Recently, some scholars have proposed the Global Resilience Analysis (GRA) method, which assesses resilience based on the functional performance of different system failure scenarios. Compared to traditional system dynamics methods, the GRA method considers the impact of internal structural failure on resilience but requires a large amount of computation. This research proposed an improved GRA method to enhance computational efficiency and practicality by reducing the number of system scenario simulations. Firstly, a hydrodynamic model of the drainage network of Haidian Island has been constructed using the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) and Python. Secondly, the GRA method was improved using cluster analysis and convergence analysis to reduce the simulation scenarios. Thirdly, a resilience assessment index was established through system function functions, and two types of resilience enhancement measures, centralized and distributed, were proposed. The results show: (i) resilience assessment increases the computational efficiency by 25% compared to the traditional GRA method; (ii) the resilience index of the existing drainage network within Haidian Island is less than the design value (0.7) in all failure scenarios, indicating a lower level of recovery capability; (iii) compared to the centralized strategy, which is only effective when the system failure level is less than 9%, the distributed strategy enhances the resilience of the urban drainage system at a higher failure level (77%).

Marine microdebris (MD) seem to be widespread in benthic invertebrates, even in the most remote areas of the planet such as Antarctica, although the information available is still very scarce. Here we provide a detailed quantification and characterization of the MD found on three common bivalve species (Aequiyoldia eightsii, Thracia cf. meridionalis, and Cyclocardia astartoides) inhabiting shallow areas in Johnsons\' Bay, Livingston Island (South Shetland Islands, Antarctica) as a snapshot of the MD present. On average, these bivalves contained 0.71 ± 0.89 items per individual and 1.49 ± 2.35 items per gram, being comparable to the few previous existing studies in other Antarctic areas. Nearly half of the organisms analysed here (45.6 %), contained at least one item. No significant differences were found in the three bivalve species. As far as we know, this is the first study to analyse and compare MD in three bivalve species in the Antarctic Peninsula. Although our results indicate bivalves are as not as polluted as in other areas of the planet, this is remarkable since this is considered one of the last pristine areas of the world. Our results point to local activities as the main source of MD pollution in Livingston Island, although global pollution cannot be discarded. We believe this research provides a useful baseline for future studies and will contribute to develop policies and strategies to preserve Antarctic marine ecosystems from MD pollution.

Premise of the study: On islands, flowering plants tend to be more generalist in their pollination needs, as insects (the main pollinators of flowering plants) are underrepresented in these ecosystems compared to the mainland. In addition, some vertebrate species that are typically insectivorous or granivorous on the mainland are forced to broaden their diet and consume other resources such as nectar or pollen on the islands. The shrub Malva arborea, with its large and colourful flowers, attracts different groups of potential pollinators. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of vertebrates versus insects in an insular population of M. arborea and to investigate its reproductive system. Methods: For three groups of taxa (insects, birds and lizards), we assessed the two components of pollination effectiveness: (i) the quantitative component (i.e. number of visits and number of flowers contacted) through direct observations of flowers; and (ii) the qualitative component (fruit and seed set, number and size of seeds and proportion of seedling emergence) through pollinator exclusion experiments. Key results: Vertebrates (birds and lizards) were quantitatively the most effective pollinators, followed by insects. However, when all three groups visited the flowers, fruit and seed set were higher than when any of them were excluded. We also found that M. arborea has hermaphrodite flowers and is able to reproduce by autogamy, although less efficiently than when pollinated by animals. Conclusions: Both vertebrates and insects play an important role in the reproduction of M. arborea. Although the plant does not need pollinators to produce seeds, its reproductive success increases when all pollinators are allowed to visit the flowers. Besides providing new information on M. arborea, these findings may help to better understand the role of different pollinator groups in the reproduction of other plant species, especially on islands where the co-occurrence of vertebrate and invertebrate pollination in the same plant species is usual.

Arid tropical archipelagos, such as the Galapagos Islands, host a high concentration of endemic plant species, many of which require restoration intervention to recover from past environmental degradation. Water-saving technologies (WSTs) have potential for hastening restoration by providing plants with additional water during the early stages of growth. However, it remains unclear whether such technologies provide an advantage for plant species of arid-tropical regions. This study examined the effect of the water-saving technology Groasis Waterboxx® (Groasis) on the rare endemic plant species Scalesia affinis ssp. brachyloba during early stages of restoration. Survival was monitored for 374 individuals planted across six sites on Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos (326 with technology and 48 as controls). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the use of Groasis reduced mortality during the first two years of the seedling survival. A mixed-effect logistic regression that modelled plant survival as a function of total precipitation, maximum temperature, and WST treatment (Groasis and no-technology control) found that despite low overall survival rates, plants grown with Groasis exhibited a three-fold higher predicted survival by the end of the 3.7 year duration of the study. Finally, through a resampling method, we demonstrate that the effect of the WST treatment is not dependent on the unbalanced design typical of a restoration project framework. We conclude that water-saving technologies such as the Groasis Waterboxx® can enhance survival of rare plant species such as S. affinis ssp. brachyloba in restoration programs in arid-tropical regions.

Marine Debris is all-pervading in the world\'s oceans. In this research, for the first time, Floating Marine Debris (FMD) accumulation in the intertidal zone of Manprua island, an offshore island of Bangladesh, is reported. The assessment has been done by integrating both physical investigations and questionnaire survey. The Study shows high debris density on the windward and river-facing sides of the island. The density of debris items in this area varies from 550,000 to 60,000 items per km2 (8.5 to 0.08 g/m2) for transect samples during low tide and 350,000 to 60,000 items per km2 (5.76 to 1.20 g/m2) for net samples during high tide. However, the most damaging debris items are uprooted trees and water hyacinths because they hinder fishing activities. This study provides baseline information on FMD in the Meghna Estuary, which can be used as a reference for sustainable monitoring and management of marine pollution.

In this study, the occurrence and distribution of 49 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and two integrase genes (intl1, intl2) in three major rivers of Hainan Island, China, were investigated in July 2021, and to explore the spatial distribution of the target genes in the three rivers with the potential influencing factors such as regional characteristics and environmental factors. The results showed that a total of 46 ARGs and two integrase genes were detected in water and sediment, and the absolute abundance of ARGs ranged from 1.16 × 103 to 2.97 × 107 copies/L and 3.34 × 103-1.55 × 107 copies/g. ARGs of macrolides, aminoglycosides, and sulfonamides were this study\'s main types of ARGs. The aadA2, tetE, ermF, tetX, aac(6\')-Ib, tetW, and qnrS genes are predominant ARGs in the water and sediment of the three rivers. The relative abundance of ARGs shows higher abundance in the midstream and downstream and lower abundance in the upstream and estuarine. After conducting a correlation analysis, it was found that there was a significant positive correlation between the ARGs detected in the water of the three main rivers. However, in sediment, tetC was negatively correlated with tetQ, macB was negatively correlated with ermF and ereA (p < 0.05), while the remaining ARGs showed positive correlations. Specifically, there was no significant positive correlation between tetQ and tetC, macB and ereA, and ermF in the sediments. Among the nine environmental factors studied, pH was found to be the main factor associated with the occurrence of ARGs in the aquatic environment, but it was also significantly associated with only nine ARGs. Among the detected heavy metals, only Cd and Zn showed significant correlations with the two ARGs in the water bodies of the three main rivers. It indicated that the pollution of ARGs in the three major rivers was in the initial stage, the detection abundance was low, the influence of environmental factors was small, and the interaction between ARGs seemed to be the main driving force. This study provides a scientific basis for further understanding the occurrence of ARGs and their influencing factors in a tropical island environment, and lays a foundation for subsequent management.

Coral reefs play a critical role in the socio-economic development of oceanic islands, besides offering coastal protection against the destructive forces of the sea under storm conditions. A Multi-Criteria Decision Making-based geospatial model is used which combine highly influential climatic, ecological, and anthropogenic reef degradation factors in view of revealing regions of high coral reef vulnerabilities to inform ecosystems conservation and management. Further investigation of the coastal seawater temperature trend revealed a rise in sea surface temperature approximating 0.66 °C over the 2003-2020 period as compared to the 1985-2003 interval, with a decadal temperature rise of 0.16 °C reported to be higher than the global average. The bleaching threshold in the region is frequently exceeded during the postmillennial period, further reducing coral fitness. Finally, management strategies are proposed here, which include the adequate design of Marine Protected Area networks, and the implementation of policy strategies for fertilizer use, sustainable coastal development projects, and control of reef predator population. The insights in this paper are expected to be applicable in the reef management of other oceanic islands.

One of the most successful predators on island ecosystems is the domestic cat, which is considered responsible for the decline of numerous species\' populations. This can be estimated by the analysis of cats\' dietary habits, yet prey identification is not always possible, and thus, in cases where precise prey identification is required, one of the most accurate methods derives from observing the hunting process. However, the cryptic nature of the feral cats and the constant vigilance of the species that are preyed upon make the observation process difficult, especially when the prey has a low population density. Here, we report for the first time such a case: a feral cat that has ambushed, killed, and consumed a regionally near-threatened species, the Persian squirrel. This incidental observation happened in the squirrel\'s westernmost end of its distribution, the island of Lesvos, Greece. Due to the unexpectedness of the event, in the following days, we estimated both the squirrels\' and cats\' population density. Results showed that while the density of the squirrels is moderate, the population density of the feral cats is almost fifteen times higher. For this reason, management actions need to be taken in an effort to minimize the impacts of feral cats on the native species of the island.

Glioneuronal tumor with neuropil-like islands (GNTNI) is a very rare subtype of glioneuronal tumor. We present a case of a 62-year-old man with GNTNI. Two adjacent lesions in the left parietal lobe were removed by left parietal craniotomy. The histological findings were glial cell proliferation and scattered rosettes consisting of synaptophysin-positive and NeuN-positive cells, leading to the diagnosis of GNTNI. Target sequencing revealed a genetic alteration similar to glioblastoma, IDH-wild type, which suggested adjuvant therapies. There are few previous reports on the treatment of this disease, and the patient should be followed carefully.

The diversification of island flora has been widely studied. However, the role of environmental niches in insular radiation processes has been less investigated. We combined population genetic analyses with species distribution modelling to clarify the genetic relationships, diversification patterns, species niche requirements, and conservation of Thesium sect. Kunkeliella, a clade of rare hemiparasitic plants endemic to the Canaries.
We studied the three extant Thesium species and a new taxon from La Palma Island. We developed 12 microsatellites and performed population genetic analysis and studied the demographic history of the group. To evaluate the role of niche conservatism in the diversification of the group, we performed species distribution modelling (ESM) with four algorithms.
All species presented moderate genetic diversity values for rare endemics. Thesium canariense (Gran Canaria) showed high differentiation, whereas T. subsucculentum, T. retamoides (Tenerife), and La Palma populations are closely related. The lineage may have undergone a recent diversification with colonization proceeding east to west, with T. canariense as sister to the others. We detected a climatic niche shift, as taxa showed different distributions across the temperature gradient. There is enough evidence to describe La Palma populations as a new species.
We characterized the evolutionary history of Thesium sect. Kunkeliella by integrating genetic and ecological assessments. Our results indicate that this clade has undergone a recent radiation process with niche differentiation among species. The results increase our knowledge about insular radiations and will inform the conservation management of the study species.