背景:鹰颈静脉综合征(EJS),最近被确定为脑血管疾病(CVD)的原因,由于细长的茎突(SP)的静脉阻塞,同时报告了一例从头并发脑海绵状畸形(CCM)。本研究旨在通过全面的文献综述,探讨EJS与从头CCM之间的潜在因果关系。
方法:系统文献综述,从1995年到2023年,重点关注具有明确体征和症状的EJS病例和具有详细临床特征的从头CCM病例。EJS的病理生理和临床表现数据,以及从头CCM之前的潜在风险因素,被收集来评估这两个条件之间的关系。
结果:在11篇关于EJS的文章中,有14例患者,最常见的表现是颅内高压增高(IIH),在10例患者中观察到(71.4%),其次是硬脑膜窦血栓形成4例(28.6%)。相比之下,28篇文献中的30例患者被确定为从头CCM,涉及37个病灶.在这些情况下,13例患者在发育性静脉异常后发展为CCM(43%),七个以下硬脑膜动静脉瘘(dAVF)(23%),鼻窦血栓形成后两个(6%)。在从头脑干CCM的特定情况下,扩大的髁使者静脉的发展,指示由于细长SP的IJV压迫引起的静脉充血,在CCM出现之前就已经注意到了。
结论:这项研究强调了静脉充血,症状性EJS的主要结果,可能导致从头CCM的发展。因此,EJS可能是CCM发展的一个指标。进一步的流行病学和病理生理学研究集中在静脉循环是必要的,以阐明EJS和CCM之间的因果关系。
BACKGROUND: Eagle jugular syndrome (EJS), recently identified as a cause of cerebrovascular disease (CVD) due to venous obstruction by an elongated styloid process (SP), is reported here alongside a
case of concurrent de novo cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM). This study aims to explore the potential causal relationship between EJS and de novo CCM through a comprehensive literature review.
METHODS: Systematic literature reviews, spanning from 1995 to 2023, focused on EJS cases with definitive signs and symptoms and de novo CCM cases with detailed clinical characteristics. Data on the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of EJS, as well as potential risk factors preceding de novo CCM, were collected to assess the relationship between the two conditions.
RESULTS: Among 14 patients from 11 articles on EJS, the most common presentation was increased intracranial hypertension (IIH), observed in 10 patients (71.4%), followed by dural sinus thrombosis in four patients (28.6%). In contrast, 30 patients from 28 articles were identified with de novo CCM, involving 37 lesions. In these cases, 13 patients developed CCM subsequent to developmental venous anomalies (43%), seven following dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF) (23%), and two after sinus thrombosis (6%). In a specific
case of de novo brainstem CCM, the development of an enlarged condylar emissary vein, indicative of venous congestion due to IJV compression by the elongated SP, was noted before the emergence of CCM.
CONCLUSIONS: This study underscores that venous congestion, a primary result of symptomatic EJS, might lead to the development of de novo CCM. Thus, EJS could potentially be an indicator of CCM development. Further epidemiological and pathophysiological investigations focusing on venous circulation are necessary to clarify the causal relationship between EJS and CCM.